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21.
Curutchet C Bofill JM Hernández B Orozco M Luque FJ 《Journal of computational chemistry》2003,24(10):1263-1275
This study examines the contribution of electrostatic and polarization to the interaction energy in a variety of molecular complexes. The results obtained from the Kitaura-Morokuma (KM) energy decomposition analysis at the HF/6-31G(d) level indicate that, for intermolecular distances around the equilibrium geometries, the polarization energy can be determined as the addition of the polarization energies of interacting blocks, as the mixed polarization term is typically negligible. Comparison of KM and QM/MM results shows that the electrostatic energy determined in the KM method is underestimated (in absolute value) by QM/MM methods. The reason of such underestimation can be attributed to the simplified representation of treating the interaction between overlapping charge distribution by the interaction of a QM molecule with a set of point charges. Nevertheless, the polarization energies calculated by KM and QM/MM methods are in close agreement. Finally, a consistent, automated strategy to derive charge distributions that include implicitly polarization effects in pairwise, additive force fields is presented. The strategy relies in the simultaneous fitting of electrostatic and polarization energies computed by placing a suitable perturbing particle at selected points around the molecule. The suitability of these charges to describe molecular interactions is discussed. 相似文献
22.
The usefulness of qualitative and quantitative theoretical approaches in solid state chemistry is discussed by considering three different types of problems: (a) the distribution of boron and carbon atoms in MB2C2 (M=Ca, La, etc.) phases, (b) the band structure and Fermi surface of low-dimensional transition metal oxides and bronzes, and (c) the correlation between the crystal and electronic structure of the ternary nitride Ca2AuN. 相似文献
23.
Josep Castells Elisabet Duñach Fernando Geijo Francisco López-Calahorra Margarita Prats Olga Sanahuja Laura Villanova 《Tetrahedron letters》1980,21(23):2291-2294
Triethylamine catalyzed Michael additions of benzoins to chalcone can prevail over the expected Michael-Stetter additions when certain thiazolium ion conjugate bases - prepared from the pertinent thiazolium salts and triethylamine- are used as catalysts. 相似文献
24.
Alemani D Chopard B Galceran J Buffle J 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2005,7(18):3331-3341
A new approach to numerically solve a reaction-diffusion system is given, specifically developed for complex systems including many reacting/diffusing species with broad ranges of rate constants and diffusion coefficients, as well as complicated geometry of reacting interfaces. The approach combines a Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method with a splitting time technique. In the present work, the proposed approach is tested by focusing on the typical reaction process between a metal ion M and a ligand L, to form a complex ML with M being consumed at an electrode. The aim of the paper is to systematically study the convergence conditions of the associated numerical scheme. We find that the combination of LB with the time splitting method allows us to solve the problem for any value of association and dissociation rate constant of the reaction process. Also, the method can be extended to a mixture of ligands. We stress two main points: (1) the LB approach is particularly convenient for the flux computation of M and (2) the splitting time procedure is very well suited for reaction processes involving association-dissociation rate constants varying on many orders of magnitude. 相似文献
25.
Cárdenas F Caba JM Feliz M Lloyd-Williams P Giralt E 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(25):9554-9562
Aplidine (dehydrodidemnin B), a natural product with potent antitumor activity currently in multicenter phase II clinical trials, exists in DMSO as a mixture of four slowly interconverting conformations in a ratio of 47:33:13:7. NMR spectroscopy shows that these arise as a consequence of cis/trans isomerization about the NMe-Leu(7)-Pro(8) and Pro(8)-Pyr amide bonds of the molecule's side chain. Two major conformations account for 47% and 33% of the total population, a ratio of 60:40 between the two. They correspond to the cis- and trans-isomers, respectively, about the Pro(8)-Pyr amide bond. Two minor conformers arise as a consequence of similar isomerism about the Pro(8)-Pyr amide bond, but in structures in which the NMe-Leu(7)-Pro(8) amide bond is cis rather than trans. These account for approximately 13% and 7% of the total population, corresponding to a ratio of 65:35 cis/trans, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the three-dimensional structures of all four conformational isomers are similar in the macrocycle and that all are essentially unchanged with respect to the macrocycle of didemnin B. Significant differences in the conformation of the molecule's side chain are, however, observed between major and minor pairs. Analysis of hydrogen-bonding patterns shows that each major conformer exhibits a beta-turn like structure and is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between a different carbonyl group of the pyruvyl unit of the molecule's side chain and the NH of the Thr(6) residue. The minor isomers have a cis-amide bond between the NMe-Leu(7) and Pro(8) residues that obliges the side chain to adopt an extended disposition where hydrogen bonding to the macrocycle is absent. These results suggest that the ability of the molecule's side chain to adopt a beta-turn-like conformation may not be a prerequisite for biological activity in the didemnins and that conformations having an extended side-chain may play a role in the biological activity of aplidine. 相似文献
26.
A rapid and simple fractionation procedure using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges was developed for an accurate determination of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum residues and further application in chemical fingerprinting of oil spills by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the adsorbents evaluated, SiO2/C3-CN exhibited the best selectivity, providing, by elution with n-hexane (4 ml) and n-hexane-CH2Cl2 (1:1) (5 ml), two well-resolved aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions, with recoveries of 97 +/- 7.2 and 99.7 +/- 13.9%, respectively. The SPE fractionation procedure was compared with the conventional silica-alumina adsorption chromatography showing similar results but practical advantages in terms of reproducibility, analysis time, solvent reduction and cost. Moreover, is particularly suitable for routine analysis with a high sample throughput. The developed methodology was tested in the characterization of fuel-oil samples collected along the Spanish north-west coast, after the Prestige oil spill accident. 相似文献
27.
Rosa Caballol Josep M. Ribó Francesc R. Trull Asunción Vallés 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1987,118(8-9):993-1010
The applicability of the MINDO/3 method is evaluated for calculations on dipyrrolic partial structures of bile pigments. It is shown that this method cannot be used for an accurate conformational analysis. However, when applying the frontier orbital model for reactivity parameters, a good picture of the HOMO and the LUMO distribution can be obtained in this type of molecules.
Reaktivität von Pyrrolpigmenten, 9. Mitt. MINDO/3-Rechnungen von dipyrrolischen Partialmodellen von Gallenpigmenten
Zusammenfassung Es werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von MINDO/3 für den Fall dipyrrolischer Partialstrukturen der Gallenpigmente aufgezeigt. Die Methode ist für eine genaue Konformationsanalyse nicht geeignet. Unter Verwendung der Reaktionsparameter des Frontier-Orbital-Modells läßt sich jedoch ein gutes Bild der HOMO- und LUMO-Verteilung für diesen Verbindungstyp gewinnen.相似文献
28.
Portella G Poater J Bofill JM Alemany P Solà M 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2005,70(7):2509-2521
The local aromaticity of the six-membered rings in three series of benzenoid compounds, namely, the [n]acenes, [n]phenacenes, and [n]helicenes for n = 1-9, has been assessed by means of three probes of local aromaticity based on structural, magnetic, and electron delocalization properties. For [n]acenes our analysis shows that the more reactive inner rings are more aromatic than the outer rings. For [n]phenacenes, all indicators of aromaticity show that the external rings are the most aromatic. From the external to the central ring, the local aromaticity varies in a damped alternate way. The trends for the [n]helicene series are the same as those found for [n]phenacenes. Despite the departure from planarity in [n]helicenes, only a very slight loss of aromaticity is detected in [n]helicenes as compared to the corresponding [n]phenacenes. Finally, because of magnetic couplings between superimposed six-membered rings in the higher members of the [n]helicenes series, we have demonstrated that the NICS indicator of aromaticity artificially increases the local aromaticity of their most external rings. 相似文献
29.
Yron Joseph Yabut Manaig Silvia Sandrini Sara Panseri Gabriella Tedeschi Josep M. Folch Armand Snchez Giovanni Savoini Alessandro Agazzi 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(9)
Elevated omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratios in swine diets can potentially impose a higher risk of inflammatory and metabolic diseases in swine. A low ratio between the two omega PUFAs has beneficial effects on sows’ and piglets’ production performance and immunity status. At present, there are few studies on how sow nutrition directly affects the protein and fat deposition in suckling piglets. Two groups of sows were fed diets with high or low n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated ratios of 13:1 (SOY) and 4:1 (LIN), respectively, during gestation and lactation. Longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissue from newborn piglets, nourished only with sow’s milk, were subjected to fatty acid profiling by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to proteomics assays based on nano-liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-HRMS). Fatty acid profiles on both muscle and adipose tissues resembled the magnitude of the differences between fatty acid across diets. Proteomic analysis revealed overabundance of 4 muscle and 11 adipose tissue proteins in SOY compared to LIN in both piglet tissues. The detected overabundance of haptoglobin, an acute-phase protein, and the stimulation of protein-coding genes and proteins related to the innate immune response and acute inflammatory response could be associated with the pro-inflammatory role of n-6 PUFAs. 相似文献
30.
Jordi Badosa Josep Calbó Richard Mckenzie Ben Liley Josep‐Abel González Bruce Forgan Charles N. Long 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2014,90(4):941-951
Cloud effects on UV Index (UVI) and total solar radiation (TR) as a function of cloud cover and sunny conditions (from sky images) as well as of solar zenith angle (SZA) are assessed. These analyses are undertaken for a southern‐hemisphere mid‐latitude site where a 10‐years dataset is available. It is confirmed that clouds reduce TR more than UV, in particular for obscured Sun conditions, low cloud fraction (<60%) and large SZA (>60°). Similarly, local short‐time enhancement effects are stronger for TR than for UV, mainly for visible Sun conditions, large cloud fraction and large SZA. Two methods to estimate UVI are developed: (1) from sky imaging cloud cover and sunny conditions, and (2) from TR measurements. Both methods may be used in practical applications, although Method 2 shows overall the best performance, as TR allows considering cloud optical properties. The mean absolute (relative) differences of Method 2 estimations with respect to measured values are 0.17 UVI units (6.7%, for 1 min data) and 0.79 Standard Erythemal Dose (SED) units (3.9%, for daily integrations). Method 1 shows less accurate results but it is still suitable to estimate UVI: mean absolute differences are 0.37 UVI units (15%) and 1.6 SED (8.0%). 相似文献