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101.
Abstract The long range molecular dynamical behaviour of liquid-crystalline side chain polymers with the mesogenic groups linked laterally to the backbone have been studied by using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy over a broad temperature and frequency range. The samples were oriented homeotropically and homogenously by electric and magnetic fields and the relaxations were recorded during alignment and with the fully aligned samples. By fitting the data to theoretical relaxation curves, accurate relaxation parameters could be determined, allowing us to perform a comparison with end-fixed liquid-crystalline side chain polymers on the one hand and with low molecular weight liquid crystals on the other. The relaxation in homeotropic alignment for the laterally fixed compound has more analogies in some aspects, for example, the relaxation time distribution, with low molecular weight liquid crystals than with the corresponding end-fixed compounds, though the activation energy is very large (241 kJ/mol). We relate this to the length of the rigid mesogenic unit and the resulting stronger repulsion by the neighbouring side chains during reorientation. In homogeneous alignment the relaxation is very broad and also has a large activation energy. Different molecular processes are related to this relaxation regime. The relationship between the different relaxation processes and the molecular structure is discussed. 相似文献
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103.
Petr Kluson Stepan Kment Magdalena Morozova Pavel Dytrych Stanislav Hejda Morwenna Slater Zdenek Hubicka Josef Krysa 《Chemical Papers》2012,66(5):446-460
Chemistry and physics of thin semiconducting layers of various types are subjects of intense research. Especially when nanotechnology
methods such as self-assembly are involved, amazing structural and/or functional properties may appear. Also modern physical
methods using variously organized plasma arrangements are able to produce uniform structures with distinctive functionality.
In this review, based virtually on our own work, discussions on the preparation, structure, morphology, and function of titanium(IV)
oxide nanoscopic thin films are presented. It was shown that structurally and functionally similar titanium(IV) oxide films
can be prepared via completely different preparation techniques. Function tests were arranged as “primary”, covering the assessment
of the light induced charge separation efficiency, and “secondary”, based on photocatalytic surface oxidations. 相似文献
104.
Josef Bemelmans Giovanni P. Galdi Mads Kyed 《Journal of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics》2012,14(4):751-770
We consider the hydrostatic configuration of a body floating freely on a liquid. Under the influence of gravitational and capillary forces there exists an equilibrium solution with contact angle π/2. This solution is the minimizer of a variational problem with an obstacle condition; the corresponding free boundary consists of the curve where the capillary surface meets the floating body. 相似文献
105.
Patrick Achenbach Sebastian Bleser Josef Pochodzalla Alicia Sanchez Lorente Marcel Steinen 《Hyperfine Interactions》2012,208(1-3):99-104
Samples obtained as a result of the valleriite synthesis process under different conditions (temperature and proportion Cu:Fe:Mg in the initial mixture) were investigated by 57Fe M?ssbauer spectroscopy with attraction data of X-ray diffraction. Parameters of hyperfine interactions for valleriite were determined and crystal chemical identification of 57Fe subspectra was carried out. It was found that valleriite was formed in samples synthesized at 150°C and 180°C and not formed in samples synthesized at 250°C. 相似文献
106.
Thermal silazane cleavage of dichloroboryldisilylamines (SiClmMe3?m)N(SiMe3)(BCl2) (1: m = 1; 2: m = 2) at 196 °C leads to the borazine derivates [(SiClmMe3?m)NB(ClnMe1?n)]3 (3: m = 1, n = 0.185; 4: m = 2, n = 0.111) characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structure analyses reveal (BN)3 units with unusual twisted boat conformations in both compounds. Additionally, more detailed studies are done to clear up the function of the by‐products (SiClmMe3?m)N(SiClMe2)(BClMe) formed during the cyclization step leading to asymmetrically boron substituted borazine derivatives. The single‐source precursors 3 and 4 were cross‐linked with methylamine producing polymers 3P and 4P, which were transformed into black amorphous materials with ceramic yields of 20.8 % and 50.3 %, respectively. Ceramic 4C (Si1.00B0.98 N2.55 C1.37O0.05) was further investigated by 11B and 29Si magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. A combined study of high‐temperature TG analyses and X‐ray powder diffraction analyses confirms the thermal stability of 4C up to 1670 °C. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
107.
Miroslav Jelínek Petr Písařík Tomáš Kocourek Josef Zemek Jaroslav Lukeš 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2013,110(4):943-947
A hybrid PLD system with ion bombardment of films was developed. Growing DLC films were modified during the laser deposition (10 J?cm?2) by argon ions with energy in the range from 40 eV to 210 eV and cathode current of 0.15 A and 0.5 A. The content of sp2 “graphitic” and sp3 “diamond” bonds was measured using XPS. Sp3 bonds changed from 60 % to 81 %. We found the highest sp3 content for energy of 40 eV. Hardness (and reduced Young’s modulus) were determined by nanoindentation and reached 49 GPa (277 GPa). Film adhesion was studied using the scratch test and was up to 14 N for titanium substrates. Relations among deposition conditions and measured properties are presented. 相似文献
108.
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110.
The effect of non‐thermal plasma generated by the direct current (DC) corona discharge in the mode of transition spark is studied on a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The exposure to plasma increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, possibly causing the induction of apoptosis. To clarify the mechanism of apoptosis, its induction is tested not only on a wild strain of S. cerevisiae, but also on mutant strains: A deletion mutant Δyca1 without yeast metacaspase proves that in S. cerevisiae the apoptosis occurs partly by the caspase‐independent pathway. A petite strains with mutation in the mitochondria do not show pronounced ROS formation, but in spite of this, apoptosis is detected. Hence, mitochondrial ROS probably do not play an important role in induction of apoptosis. 相似文献