Indirect electrochemical methods of nitration: Novel nitroacetamidation of dienes

Solutions of nitronium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile prepared by anodic oxidation of nitrogen dioxide, efficiently nitrate aromatics, enolsilyethers, alkenes and conjugated dienes to afford respectively nitroaromatics, α-nitroketones, vicinal nitroamides and mixtures of nitroacetamides by 1,2- and 1,4-addition.     

Arylation with aryllead triacetates produced in situ by mercury-lead exchange

Reaction of a diarylmercury with lead tetraacetate to give an aryllead triacetate has been found to be a rapid reaction. The in situ generation of aryllead triacetates is thus an attractive alternative to the use of the purified reagents in the various electrophilic arylation reactions of these compounds.     

Metal to ligand group transfer reactions : II. Reactions of some π-allylrhodium(I) complexes with trifluoroacetic acid and alkyl,acyl and trimethyltin halides

Rh(π-C₃H₅)(PF₃)₃ (I), reacts with trifluoroacetic acid to form propene and [Rh(CF₃COO)(PF₃)₂]₂ (II). I reacts with t-butyl bromide to give [RhBr(PF₃)₂]₂ and a mixture of propene and 2-methyl-1-propene and with n-propyl bromide to give propene and [RhBr(PF₃)₂]₂. Rh(π-C₃H₅)(PPh₃)₂ (III), and t-butyl bromide yield propene and 2-methyl-1-propene. In these reactions a mechanism involving β-hydrogen abstraction and hydrogen migration via the metal to carbon is proposed. When III reacts with Me₃SnCl the Me₃Sn—moiety migrates intact to the π-allyl group. I reacts with acetyl chloride to give propene, [RhCl(PF₃)₂]₂ and the carbonyl rhodium complex Rh₂Cl₂(PF₃)₃(CO). II does not apparently undergo phosphine ligand exchange unlike the analogous halogeno-bridged dimers.     

Interfacial electrical properties of DNA-modified diamond thin films: intrinsic response and hybridization-induced field effects

We have investigated the frequency-dependent interfacial electrical properties of nanocrystalline diamond films that were covalently linked to DNA oligonucleotides and how these properties are changed upon exposure to complementary and noncomplementary DNA oligonucleotides. Frequency-dependent electrical measurements at the open-circuit potential show significant changes in impedance at frequencies of >10(4) Hz when DNA-modified diamond films are exposed to complementary DNA, with only minimal changes when exposed to noncomplementary DNA molecules. Measurements as a function of potential show that at 10(5) Hz, the impedance is dominated by the space-charge region of the diamond film. DNA molecules hybridizing at the interface induce a field effect in the diamond space-charge layer, altering the impedance of the diamond film. By identifying a range of impedances where the impedance is dominated by the diamond space-charge layer, we show that it possible to directly observe DNA hybridization, in real time and without additional labels, via simple measurement of the interfacial impedance.     

PHYCOBILIPROTEINS: COMPARISON OF SOLUTION AND SINGLE CRYSTAL FLUORESCENCE FOR C-PHYCOCYANIN AND B-PHYCOERYTHRIN*

Abstract— Trimeric and hexameric solution forms of C-phycocyanin (CPC) from the cyanophyte Agme-nellum quadruplicatum have been isolated and their spectral properties compared to those obtained from single crystals. Although the absorbance peak of a suspension of small C-phycocyanin crystals is red-shifted only 7 nm relative to the solution forms, the single crystal fluorescence is red-shifted 60 nm relative to the solution forms. The crystal fluorescence spectrum exhibits a single peak at LD_max= 708 nm when excited at 514.5 or 530.9 nm and two peaks (LD_max= 661 and 708 nm) when excitation occurs at 568.2 nm. Fluorescence depolarization measurements indicate that extensive energy transfer could occur for both solution and crystal forms with the latter being dependent upon the relative orientation of the crystal with respect to the excitation dipole. Similar results were obtained with B-phycoerythrin (BPE) from the red alga Porphyridium cruentum where the single crystal fluorescence is red-shifted =50nm relative to the solution spectra with two peaks (LD_max= 583 and 617 nm) observed whose relative intensities are dependent on the excitation wavelength (LD_max– 514.5 and 530.9 nm). Single crystal fluorescent lifetimes exhibited considerable shortening relative to that observed for the solution forms. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the possible relationships of the crystalline structures to the assembly forms present within phycobilisomes.     

Reactions of methylniobium(V) and methyltantalum(V) chlorides with carbodiimides

The chlorides Me_xMCl_5-x, M = Nb, Ta, x = 1, 2, 3 react with carbodiimides RNCNR (R = isopropyl, cyclohexyl, p-tolyl) to give products of the types MCl₄[NR-C(Me)=NR], MeMCl₃[NR-C(Me)=NR], MCl₃[NR-C(Me)=NR]₂, Me₂MCl₂[NR-C(Me)=NR], MeMCl₂[NR-C(Me)=NR]₂, which cóntain bidentate acetamidine groups arising from insertion of the carbodiimide into the metal-carbon bond. The products have been characterised by elemental analysis IR and proton NMR spectra.     

Volume and compressibility changes of complex formation between 18-Crown-6 and NaCl,KCl, and CsCl in water

The apparent molal volumes and compressibilities of NaCl, KCl, and CsCl in mixtures of 18-Crown-6 and water have been calculated from density and speed-of-sound measurements at 25°C. The partial molal volumes and compressibilities of the salts when all cations have formed complexes with 18-Crown-6 molecules have been evaluated. The sign and magnitude of the volume and compressibility changes of complex formation strongly suggest that the charge of the cation becomes very effectively screened by the crown ether.     

Preparation and use of 18-fluorine labelled inorganic compounds

2,2,6,6-Tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,5-oxadiazines 3 on thermolysis undergo a retro Diels Alder reaction. On elimination of hexafluoroacetone 2 4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes are formed, which are transformed into 4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydro-quinazolines 6, 4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazines 11, and hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines 20, respectively, depending on the substituents present at the heterodiene skeleton.     

Metallacycloalkanes: I. Preparation and characterisation of α,α′-bipyridyl-5-nickela-3,3,7,7-tetramethyl-trans-tricyclo[4.1.0.02,4]heptane

Oxidative addition of 2 molecules of 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene (I) to α,α′-bipyridyl(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (III) gave the title compound (IV) in over 90% yield. Complex IV was characterized by mass, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (a 13.7081(2), b 14.638(2), c 9.5139(1) Å, β 110.82(1)°, C2/c, R = 0.05 for 1614 reflections).     

Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of the sulfoxides of 4-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] - 3,4- dihydro- 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzothiazine

Oxidation of 4-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzothiazine, hydrochloride (I) with hydrogen peroxide yielded a mixture of two sulfoxides (II). Since this mixture exhibited antiinflammatory activity, the two components (Isomers A and B) were prepared in purified form by oxidation of I with N-chlorosuccinimide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Isomer A was more potent than Isomer B in the carrageenin-induced edema test.