Optical Emission Spectroscopy Study of Plasma-Precursor Interactions in TiO2 Suspension Plasma Spray

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - The influence of plasma power on liquid precursor decomposition in suspension plasma spray (SPS) is studied with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The...     

Welfare Cost of Model Uncertainty in a Small Open Economy

This paper extends the canonical small open-economy real-business-cycle model, when considering model uncertainty. Domestic households have multiplier preferences, which leads them to take robust decisions in response to possible model misspecification for the economy’s aggregate productivity. Using perturbation methods, the paper extends the literature on real business cycle models by deriving a closed-form solution for the combined welfare effect of the two sources of uncertainty, namely risk and model uncertainty. While classical risk has an ambiguous effect on welfare, the addition of model uncertainty is unambiguously welfare-deteriorating. Hence, the overall effect of uncertainty on welfare is ambiguous, depending on consumers preferences and model parameters. The paper provides numerical results for the welfare effects of uncertainty measured by units of consumption equivalence. At moderate (high) levels of risk aversion, the effect of risk on household welfare is positive (negative). The addition of model uncertainty—for all levels of concern about model uncertainty and most risk aversion values—turns the overall effect of uncertainty on household welfare negative. It is important to remark that the analytical decomposition and combination of the effects of the two types of uncertainty considered here and the resulting ambiguous effect on overall welfare have not been derived in the previous literature on small open economies.     

Duality of Fock spaces with respect to the minimal norm

In this note we prove a duality theorem for generalized Fock spaces.     

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization negative mass spectra of the dinitrotoluene isomers

The atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of the dinitrotoluene isomers in ambient air was studied with a quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the negative mode. The isomers can be grouped on the basis of the product ions: 2,5-, and 2,6- and 3,5-dinitrotoluene give the molecular anion with little fragmentation; 2,3- and the 3,4-dinitrotoluene behave similarly but with more extensive fragmentation; 2,4-dinitrotoluene gives the quasimolecular [DNT ? H]^? ion with little fragmentation. The results are discussed in terms of the molecular structure of the isomers.     

Metabolic compartmentalization in the human cortex and hippocampus: evidence for a cell- and region-specific localization of lactate dehydrogenase 5 and pyruvate dehydrogenase

Background  

For a long time now, glucose has been thought to be the main, if not the sole substrate for brain energy metabolism. Recent data nevertheless suggest that other molecules, such as monocarboxylates (lactate and pyruvate mainly) could be suitable substrates. Although monocarboxylates poorly cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), such substrates could replace glucose if produced locally.     

A Closer Look at 3,5-Dinitrotoluene

The dinitrotoluenes (DNT) are some widely used compounds despite the first general impression one might have. They are the intermediates of several economically important industrial reactions such as the continuous nitration process of trinitrotoluene (TNT).^3,4 As we were interested in the spectral characteristics of the various isomers of DNT⁵, we realized that the 3,5 isomer was not u-sually obtained during the nitration process of toluene⁶, thus making its availability quite restricted. It appeared relevant to find a useful and practical way to synthesize that particular isomer as it could also lead to the formation of new polyurethanes⁷, many polymerization processes uses DNT (mainly the 2,4 isomer because of its availability and its low price).     

Photochemistry in Photonic Crystal Fiber Nanoreactors

We report the use of a liquid‐filled hollow‐core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) as a highly controlled photochemical reactor. Hollow‐core PCFs have several major advantages over conventional sample cells: the sample volume per optical path length is very small (2.8 nL cm^?1 in the fiber used), long optical path lengths are possible as a result of very low intrinsic waveguide loss, and furthermore the light travels in a diffractionless single mode with a constant transverse intensity profile. As a proof of principle, the (very low) quantum yield of the photochemical conversion of vitamin B₁₂, cyanocobalamin (CNCbl) to hydroxocobalamin ([H₂OCbl]⁺) in aqueous solution was measured for several pH values from 2.5 to 7.5. The dynamics of the actively induced reaction were monitored in real‐time by broadband absorption spectroscopy. The PCF nanoreactor required ten thousand times less sample volume compared to conventional techniques. Furthermore, the enhanced sensitivity and optical pump intensity implied that even systems with very small quantum yields can be measured very quickly—in our experiments one thousand times faster than in a conventional cuvette.     

Complex interpolation between two weighted Bergman spaces on tubes over symmetric cones

We prove that the complex interpolation space [A_ν^p₀,A_ν^p₁]_θ, 0<θ<1, between two weighted Bergman spaces A_ν^p₀ and A_ν^p₁ on the tube in $\text{C}{}^{\mathrm{n}}$, n?3, over an irreducible symmetric cone of $\text{R}{}^{\mathrm{n}}$ is the weighted Bergman space A_ν^p with 1/p=(1?θ)/p₀+θ/p₁. Here, ν>n/r?1 and 1?p₀<p₁<2+ν/(n/r?1) where r denotes the rank of the cone. We then construct an analytic family of operators and an atomic decomposition of functions, which are related to this interpolation result. To cite this article: D. Békollé et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 337 (2003).