全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1521篇 |
免费 | 70篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1308篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 13篇 |
数学 | 108篇 |
物理学 | 162篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 85篇 |
2021年 | 97篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 39篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 35篇 |
2016年 | 65篇 |
2015年 | 50篇 |
2014年 | 58篇 |
2013年 | 106篇 |
2012年 | 120篇 |
2011年 | 131篇 |
2010年 | 67篇 |
2009年 | 68篇 |
2008年 | 96篇 |
2007年 | 98篇 |
2006年 | 64篇 |
2005年 | 86篇 |
2004年 | 61篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 42篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1596条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Dr. Gregorio Guisado‐Barrios Joanna Hiller Prof. Eduardo Peris 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(31):10405-10411
Two new palladium complexes with a pyracene‐linked bis‐imidazolylidene (pyrabim) group have been obtained and fully characterized. The related monometallic analogues were obtained from the coordination of an acetanaphthene‐supported N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The catalytic properties of all complexes were studied in the acylation of aryl halides with hydrocinnamaldehyde, and in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of aryl halides and aryl boronic acids. The results show that the presence of a second metal in the dimetallic complexes induces some benefits in the catalytic behavior of the complexes. This effect is more pronounced in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, for which the dimetallic complexes exhibit significantly higher activity than their monometallic counterparts. 相似文献
73.
Separation and determination of homogenous fatty alcohol ethoxylates by liquid chromatography with mulitstage mass spectrometry 下载免费PDF全文
Joanna Zembrzuska Irena Budnik Zenon Lukaszewski 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(13):1694-1702
Alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) are a significant component of a stream of surfactants directed to the aquatic environment. The aim of this work was the investigation of the dependence of the analytical signals of homogeneous AE homologues on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry conditions, as well as the separation of AEs from the water matrix and, on this basis, the development of an analytical procedure suitable for the determination of AEs in environmental samples. Homogeneous homologues containing dodecyl moiety and 2–9 oxyethylene subunits were investigated. The analytical signals of the investigated homologues were optimized in terms of concentration of ammonium acetate in the mobile phase (optimum 5 mM) and a column temperature (optimum 35°C) of the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry system. A separation of AEs from the water matrix by liquid–liquid extraction (ethyl acetate, chloroform) or solid‐phase extraction (C18, styrene divinylbenzene, H‐RX) was investigated. In a model investigation, the best recoveries (>90%) were obtained with a styrene divinylbenzene cartridge eluted with a 1:1 mixture of chloroform and methanol. However, much worse recoveries were obtained from the river water sample. Better results were obtained for liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. Recoveries of 62–80% were obtained for homologues having 4–9 oxyethylene subunits, at the lowest spike. 相似文献
74.
Joanna Augustynowicz Olga G. Długosz-Grochowska Anna M. Kostecka-Gugała Maria Leja Michał K. Kruczek Adam Świderski 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2014,12(4):519-527
This study was focused on the analysis of the contents (by HPLC-DAD) and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds of aquatic higher plant Callitriche cophocarpa. The novelty of the work was: 1) the study of the species which is almost unknown in the context of investigations of bio-active compounds and, 2) the application of a unique L-band electron resonance spectroscopy (L-band EPR) to measure antioxidant activity of samples. The results were compared with those obtained for microalgae Chlorella and Spirulina which are widely distributed as the diet supplements. The obtained results are very promising with respect to the freeze-dried material of Callitriche, which revealed both high level of phenolic compounds (33 mg g?1 dry weight) and antioxidant activity (0.14 g of reduced DPPH· g?1 dry weight). An isoform of sinapic acid appeared to be the main fraction in this sample. The average content of the total phenolic compounds in Callitriche freeze-dried samples was ca. 43 or 25 times higher than in the case of the Chlorella or Spirulina samples, respectively. These samples showed also 16 times lower scavenging activity in relation to freeze-dried Callitriche material. 相似文献
75.
Joanna Ronowicz Bogumiła Kupcewicz Elżbieta Budzisz 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2014,12(6):700-710
In this study, antioxidant properties of commercial green teas and dietary supplements containing Camellia sinensis extracts were evaluated. Extracts were examined using two antioxidant assays (DPPH· radical method and ABTS·+ cation radical method). A Folin-Ciocalteu assay was used to evaluate the total polyphenol content in the extracts. In order to compare and characterize the investigated Camellia sinensis extracts, chemometric techniques based on fingerprint chromatograms, antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content were applied. Application of chemometric methods allowed for reduction of multidimensionality of the data set and grouped the samples into differentiable clusters. The relationship between the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content was also assessed. The results indicated that extracts with the higher polyphenolic content exhibited the stronger antiradical activity against both DPPH· radicals and ABTS·+ cation radicals. The multivariate calibration technique (such as a tree regression algorithm) can be a useful tool for rapid determining the antioxidant activity of a herbal product based on its fingerprint chromatogram 相似文献
76.
Prof. Dr. Antoni W. Morawski Dr. Ewelina Kusiak-Nejman Dr. Iwona Pełech Katarzyna Ćmielewska Dr. Daniel Sibera Piotr Staciwa Dr. Agnieszka Wanag Marcin Gano Dr. Ewa Ekiert Dr. Joanna Kapica-Kozar Kordian Witkowski Prof. Dr. Urszula Narkiewicz 《ChemistryOpen》2022,11(4):e202100262
A new approach to hydrogen production from water is described. This simple method is based on carbon dioxide-mediated water decomposition under UV radiation. The water contained dissolved sodium hydroxide, and the solution was saturated with gaseous carbon dioxide. During saturation, the pH decreased from about 11.5 to 7–8. The formed bicarbonate and carbonate ions acted as scavengers for hydroxyl radicals, preventing the recombination of hydroxyl and hydrogen radicals and prioritizing hydrogen gas formation. In the presented method, not yet reported in the literature, hydrogen production is combined with carbon dioxide. For the best system with alkaline water (0.2 m NaOH) saturated with CO2 under UV-C, the hydrogen production amounted to 0.6 μmol h−1 during 24 h of radiation. 相似文献
77.
Yulin Ren Sijin Wu Joanna E. Burdette Xiaolin Cheng A. Douglas Kinghorn 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(12)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside long used to treat congestive heart failure and found recently to show antitumor potential. The hydroxy groups connected at the C-12, C-14, and C-3′a positions; the C-17 unsaturated lactone unit; the conformation of the steroid core; and the C-3 saccharide moiety have been demonstrated as being important for digoxin’s cytotoxicity and interactions with Na+/K+-ATPase. The docking profiles for digoxin and several derivatives and Na+/K+-ATPase were investigated; an additional small Asn130 side pocket was revealed, which could be useful in the design of novel digoxin-like antitumor agents. In addition, the docking scores for digoxin and its derivatives were found to correlate with their cytotoxicity, indicating a potential use of these values in the prediction of the cancer cell cytotoxicity of other cardiac glycosides. Moreover, in these docking studies, digoxin was found to bind to FIH-1 and NF-κB but not HDAC, IAP, and PI3K, suggesting that this cardiac glycoside directly targets FIH-1, Na+/K+-ATPase, and NF-κB to mediate its antitumor potential. Differentially, digoxigenin, the aglycon of digoxin, binds to HDAC and PI3K, but not FIH-1, IAP, Na+/K+-ATPase, and NF-κB, indicating that this compound may target tumor autophagy and metabolism to mediate its antitumor propensity. 相似文献
78.
Tomasz Ligor Joanna Zawadzka Grzegorz Strczyski Rosa M. Gonzlez Paredes Anna Wenda-Piesik Ileana Andreea Ratiu Marek Muszytowski 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(7)
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exiting in urine are potential biomarkers of chronic kidney diseases. Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was applied for extraction VOCs over the urine samples. Volatile metabolites were separated and identified by means of two-dimensional gas chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC TOF MS). Patients with glomerular diseases (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 20) were recruited in the study. Different VOCs profiles were obtained from patients and control. Developed methodology offers the opportunity to examine the metabolic profile associated with glomerulopathy. Four compounds found in elevated amounts in the patients group, i.e., methyl hexadecanoate; 9-hexadecen-1-ol; 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one and 2-pentanone were proposed as markers of glomerular diseases. 相似文献
79.
Marek Konop Anna K. Laskowska Mateusz Rybka Ewa Kodziska Dorota Sulejczak Robert A. Schwartz Joanna Czuwara 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(9)
Impaired wound healing is a major medical challenge, especially in diabetics. Over the centuries, the main goal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been to invent biomaterials that accelerate the wound healing process. In this context, keratin-derived biomaterial is a promising candidate due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, we evaluated an insoluble fraction of keratin containing casomorphin as a wound dressing in a full-thickness surgical skin wound model in mice (n = 20) with iatrogenically induced diabetes. Casomorphin, an opioid peptide with analgesic properties, was incorporated into keratin and shown to be slowly released from the dressing. An in vitro study showed that keratin-casomorphin dressing is biocompatible, non-toxic, and supports cell growth. In vivo experiments demonstrated that keratin-casomorphin dressing significantly (p < 0.05) accelerates the whole process of skin wound healing to the its final stage. Wounds covered with keratin-casomorphin dressing underwent reepithelization faster, ending up with a thicker epidermis than control wounds, as confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. This investigated dressing stimulated macrophages infiltration, which favors tissue remodeling and regeneration, unlike in the control wounds in which neutrophils predominated. Additionally, in dressed wounds, the number of microhemorrhages was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as compared with control wounds. The dressing was naturally incorporated into regenerating tissue during the wound healing process. Applied keratin dressing favored reconstruction of more regular skin structure and assured better cosmetic outcome in terms of scar formation and appearance. Our results have shown that insoluble keratin wound dressing containing casomorphin supports skin wound healing in diabetic mice. 相似文献
80.
Dental calculus analysis can be a valuable source of archaeological knowledge, since it preserves not only microbial and host biomolecules but also dietary and environmental debris, as well as metabolic products likely originating from dietary and craft activities. Here we described GC-MS analysis of a set of historic dental calculus samples from the front teeth of the mandibles of seven individuals found in 17th- and 18th-century graves in the city of Rzeszow, located in South-eastern Poland. We have found that only saturated fatty acids, which are characteristic for fats of animal origin, were present in the tested samples. Our preliminary results indicate that the diet of modern-period inhabitants of Rzeszow was rich in animal products, such as meat and dairy products. 相似文献