固相萃取-气相色谱法测定甲醇制烯烃副产汽油及甲醇制汽油产物中的含氧化合物

采用纯硅胶柱固相萃取技术对甲醇制烯烃副产汽油或甲醇制汽油产物进行预处理,将产物中的含氧化合物与烃类进行色谱分离,采用质谱鉴定产物中的含氧化合物。使用标准溶液优化纯硅胶小柱的洗脱条件,比较预处理方法的回收率,考察预处理方法的重复性。结果表明,标准溶液的各含氧化合物组分回收率为87.7%~95.3%。采用气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)通过内标法对实际样品中除甲醇和乙醇外的含氧化合物进行定量分析,使用丁酮、叔戊醇、戊酮和己酮的响应因子作为同碳数醛、酮、醇的FID响应因子,定量甲醇制烯烃副产汽油和甲醇制汽油产物中的含氧化合物。对于甲醇和乙醇,采用GC-MS分析提取特征离子用外标法定量。结果表明,甲醇制烯烃副产汽油和甲醇制汽油产物中的含氧化合物以酮类、醛类为主,并有少量的醇类。     

The graph structure of a deterministic automaton chosen at random

An n‐state deterministic finite automaton over a k‐letter alphabet can be seen as a digraph with n vertices which all have k labeled out‐arcs. Grusho (Publ Math Inst Hungarian Acad Sci 5 (1960), 17–61). proved that whp in a random k‐out digraph there is a strongly connected component of linear size, i.e., a giant, and derived a central limit theorem. We show that whp the part outside the giant contains at most a few short cycles and mostly consists of tree‐like structures, and present a new proof of Grusho's theorem. Among other things, we pinpoint the phase transition for strong connectivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 51, 428–458, 2017     

Hom-Gel'fand–Dorfman Super-bialgebras and Hom-Lie Conformal Superalgebras

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study Hom-Gel'fand–Dorfman super-bialgebras and Hom-Lie conformal superalgebras. In this paper, we provide different ways for constructing HomGel'fand–Dorfman super-bialgebras. Also, we obtain some infinite-dimensional Hom-Lie superalgebras from affinization of Hom-Gel'fand–Dorfman super-bialgebras. Finally, we give a general construction of Hom-Lie conformal superalgebras from Hom-Lie superalgebras and establish the equivalence between quadratic Hom-Lie conformal superalgebras and Hom-Gel'fand–Dorfman super-bialgebras.     

Nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2

Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ provides a sustainable solution to address the intermittent renewable electricity storage while recycling CO₂ to produce fuels and chemicals. Highly efficient catalytic materials and reaction systems are required to drive this process economically. This Review highlights the new trends in advancing the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ by developing and designing nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts. The activity, selectivity and reaction mechanism are significantly affected by the nano effects in nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts. In the future, energy efficiency and current density in electrochemical reduction of CO₂ need to be further improved to meet the requirements for practical applications.     

用固体润滑剂改善汽车刮水胶条使用性能的研究

作者将含有MoS_2和石墨的不同配方的固体润滑涂料刷涂在几种国产汽车刮水胶条上,并分别于干摩擦和水润滑的两种刮刷状态下,就固体润滑剂改善刮水胶条的擦拭性能进行了试验研究,指出这是使刮水胶条降低擦拭阻力、提高刮刷效果的可行途径,同时强调配制涂料时应当选用颗粒细小而均匀的固体润滑剂粉末。     

城区爆破作业对环境的影响

本文用一个城区爆破作业的实例说明,只要采取可靠的技术措施,就可将爆破对环境的影响,如振动、噪声、飞石等,控制在允许的范围内,从而可以在人口稠密的城区顺利地进行较大规模的爆破施工,加快工程进度。     

关于中间激波的回顾与展望

中间激波是传统理论认为在物理上不可能实现的一类激波，但是，近年来在数值模拟中发现了它的结构，因此，在国际上引发了中间激波研究的高潮．本文首先系统地回顾了中间微波的研究历史和发展，给出了传统的激波演化性理论，并通过引用演化性理论，否定了中间激波的稳定存在．然后，介绍了近年来在中间激波方面的工作及进展情况，最后阐述了我们的一些看法．     

板带轧制过程中的三维接触摩擦模型

为解决压力加工中工具与工件间的接触摩擦问题，根据金属流动对摩擦的反作用，在轧辊和工件之间引入了一层极薄的摩擦单元并将其编入三维弹塑性大变形有限元程序。通过调节摩擦元尺寸厚度和β因子，实现了对薄板轧制过程中间介质的几何尺寸模拟和物理特征模拟。该法不用对摩擦力大小、方向及中性点位置进行假定，通过计算能够得到全部有关信息。     

Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of stationary solutions of some nonlinear stochastic systems

At the state of statistical stationarity, the response of a nonlinear system under multiplicative random excitations can be either trivial or non-trivial, depending on the spectral levels of the excitations and the values of certain system parameters. Assuming that the random excitations are Gaussian white noises, the two types of response may be investigated by way of their stationary densities, which are obtainable for first order dynamical systems and for higher order dynamical systems belonging to the class of generalized stationary potential. Alternatively, the Lyapunov exponents can be computed for perturbation from either the trivial or non-trivial solution, since a negative sign for the greatest Lyapunov exponent provides both the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of sample functions with probability one. It is shown in two specific examples, that the boundary at which the greatest Lyapunov exponent changes its sign coincides with the boundary for regularity (or being normalizable) for the probability density in both the trivial and non-trivial solutions. Thus, the stability conditions in the strong sense of probability one and the weak sense in distribution are identical in these cases.