新工科背景下基础力学实验教学模式改革实践与探索

针对“约定真值”的传统实验教学模式存在的判据模糊、内容固化和数据处理简单等不足,本文开展了“新工科”基础力学实验教学模式改革探索工作。通过调整教学观念、丰富实验内容和系统数据处理等方法,明确了基础力学实验判据,构建了以学生自主实践为中心,旨在培养实践创新能力、人文素养和家国情怀的力学实验教学新模式。

     

A Smartwatch Integrated with a Paper-based Microfluidic Patch for Sweat Electrolytes Monitoring

Here, a smartwatch for sweat monitoring was presented for perspiration analysis. The smartwatch played the part of analyzing, computing, and displaying the real-time data with the feature of comfortable wearing and lightweight ergonomic design. Moreover, the paper-based microfluidic patch with a three-dimensional structure was proposed to realize the sweat collection and solve the issue of sweat accumulation. To further realizing the sweat monitoring, the potassium and sodium ion-selective electrodes were developed by the screen-printing technique. The experiment of on-body monitoring the K⁺ and Na⁺ in sweat had been carried out to further demonstrate the feasibility of the smartwatch.     

脱模溶剂对制备聚苯乙烯表面大孔材料的影响

采用马来酸酐-醋酸乙烯共聚物乳液为模板,分别以水、乙醇和丙酮为脱模溶剂,合成了表面层(厚度为10μm)为大孔结构(孔径为250～400nm)的聚苯乙烯(PS)孔材料.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测定了材料表面的微观形貌,SEM照片显示出3种脱模溶剂均能制备PS大孔材料,其中水为脱模溶剂时对PS基材的不利影响最小.用傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)表征了脱模后孔内被固定的特征基团,结果表明,不同的脱模溶剂分别对应不同的孔内基团,即水-羧基、乙醇-酯基及丙酮-酐基.测定了3种脱模溶剂的脱模速率,其顺序为丙酮>>乙醇>水.     

High‐efficiency sample preparation approach to determine acrylamide levels in high‐fat foods

An improved sample preparation method was developed to enhance acrylamide recovery in high‐fat foods. Prior to concentration, distilled deionized water was added to protect acrylamide from degradation, resulting in a higher acrylamide recovery rate from fried potato chips. A Chrome‐Matrix C₁₈ column (2.6 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) was used for the first time to analyze acrylamide levels using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, displaying good separation of acrylamide from interference. A solid‐phase extraction procedure was avoided, and an average recovery of >89.00% was achieved from different food matrices for three different acrylamide spiking levels. Good reproducibility was observed, with an intraday relative standard deviation of 0.04–2.38%, and an interday relative standard deviation of 2.34–3.26%. Thus, combining the improved sample preparation method for acrylamide analysis with the separation on a Chrome‐Matrix C₁₈ column (2.6 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry is highly useful for analyzing acrylamide levels in complex food matrices.     

Trichodermates A–F,New Cytotoxic Trichothecenes from the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Trichoderma sp.

Trichodermates A – F ( 1 – 6 , resp.), six new trichothecene polyunsaturated octadioic acid esters, and (?)‐harzianum B ( 7 ) were isolated from the fermentation extract of Trichoderma sp., a plant pathogenic fungus isolated from stem rot of an unidentified tree in Thailand. The structures of 1 – 7 were elucidated by NMR experiments. The absolute configuration at C(12) in 3 was assigned by in situ dimolybdenum circular dichroism method, whereas that in 7 was deduced after hydrolysis of 7 to 8 via modified Mosher's method. Compounds 1 and 2 showed modest cytotoxic activities against the K562 (human myelogenous leukemia) cell line with IC₅₀ values of 12.12 and 13.08 μM , respectively.     

Novel synthesis of steryl esteryl esters from β-sitosterol and N-phosphoryl amino acid under microwave irradiation

Ten novel N-phosphoryl amino acids β-sitosterol esters were synthesized by coupling the N-phosphoryl amino acids with β-sitosterol under microwave irradiation, and their structures were elucidated by IR, NMR, and HR MS. Various reaction conditions including the catalyst, solvent, temperature and time were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the reaction was finished in 20 min with 60–87% yields by employing DCC/DMAP as a catalyst system at room temperature.     

热挤压铸造新型镁合金微观组织及细胞生物活性分析

采用热挤压铸造工艺制造新型镁合金, Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr-Mn (平衡-3-0.2-0.4-0.2%)基, 研究了新型镁合金表面特征、力学性能及细胞生物活性. 选择NZ30K添加Mn元素制成新镁合金, 挤压前通过均匀化热处理, 减少挤压过程中铸态合金中的粗大析出相以及树枝晶形成的带状组织. 光谱测试分析合金成分; 显微观察合金铸态、横纵截面; 扫描电镜扫描; X射线衍射分析. 将合金制成金属棒、螺钉、接骨板等形状, 测试力学性能. 进行体外细胞培养, 利用DMEM完全培养基制作镁合金浸提液, 滤膜过滤后4℃保存; 大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞提取培养, 待细胞生长至70%~80%传代于24孔板种板, 添加浸提液培养12、24、36h, 利用线粒体膜电位检测试剂盒检测细胞凋亡活性. 以纯镁作为对照组, 进行力学性能测试及细胞活性凋亡测试. 热挤压后合金的组织由细小的再结晶晶粒与变形晶粒组成, 与铸态合金相比, 其组织明显细化. 经挤压加工后, Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-0.2Mn合金横截面为细小的等轴晶组织, 组织均匀性好; 纵截面出现了晶粒尺寸相对较大的长条状组织, 组织均匀性稍差. 扫描电镜图显示Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-0.2Mn合金中第二相颗粒沿挤压方向被碾碎成更细小的颗粒, 只有非常少量的弥散分布的颗粒状析出相, 而在该合金中有较多被碾碎的第二相, 发生了明显的动态再结晶, 挤压后获得的组织不均匀, 大晶粒被发生再结晶的小晶粒包围. 从X射线衍射图中可以看出该合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg、Mn、Mg12Nd和Y相等这几相组成. 力学性能测试表明, 新型镁合金综合力学性能明显优于纯镁金属. 短期细胞培养中, 新型镁合金无明显细胞毒性, 对细胞生长有积极促进作用. 新型镁合金热挤压后的横截面为细小等轴晶组织, 组织明显细化且均匀性好, 力学性能有极大提升; 在短期细胞培养过程中新型镁合金与纯镁都表现出无细胞毒性, 新型镁合金对细胞活性的提升优于纯镁组.     

THERMAL BOUNDARY LAYER IN CFB BOILER RISER

Measurement of temperature profiles of gas-solid two-phase flow at different heights in commercial-scale circulating fluidized bed （CFB） boilers was carried out. Experimental results showed that the thickness of thermal boundary layer was generally independent of the distance from the air distributor, except when close to the riser outlet. Through analysis of flow and combustion characteristics in the riser, it was found that the main reasons for the phenomena were： 1 ） the hydrodynamic boundary layer was thinner than the thermal layer and hardly changed along the CFB boiler height, and 2） both radial and axial mass and heat exchanges were strong in the CFB boiler. Numerical simulation of gas flow in the outlet zone confirmed that the distribution of the thermal boundary layer was dominated by the flow field characteristics.     

受拉区带缺口钢筋混凝土梁弯曲极限承载力的近似计算

进行受拉区带缺口钢筋混凝土梁和无缺口梁的对比实验，分析带缺口梁的承载机理，提出一种近似计算弯曲极限承载力的方法。     

[2 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of N-tosylhydrazones,tert-butyl nitrite and alkenes: a general and practical access to isoxazolines

N-Tosylhydrazones have proven to be versatile synthons over the past several decades. However, to our knowledge, the construction of isoxazolines based on N-tosylhydrazones has not been examined. Herein, we report the first demonstrations of [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition reactions that allow the facile synthesis of isoxazolines, employing N-tosylhydrazones, tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) and alkenes as reactants. This process represents a new type of cycloaddition reaction with a distinct mechanism that does not involve the participation of nitrile oxides. This approach is both general and practical and exhibits a wide substrate scope, nearly universal functional group compatibility, tolerance of moisture and air, the potential for functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and is readily scaled up. Both control experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that this transformation proceeds via the in situ generation of a nitronate from the coupling of N-tosylhydrazone and TBN, followed by cycloaddition with an alkene and subsequent elimination of a tert-butyloxy group to give the desired isoxazoline.

A novel [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of N-tosylhydrazones, tert-butyl nitrite and alkenes was successfully established, which allowed facile construction of a wide range of isoxazolines.