等离子体合成射流能量效率及工作特性研究

基于等离子体激励器工作过程中气体放电的焦耳加热作用, 并结合局部热力学平衡等离子体物理假设, 开展了等离子体合成射流三维唯象数值研究, 获得了完整工作周期内等离子体合成射流流场发展演变过程. 研究结果表明, 单次能量沉积建立的自维持周期性射流中存在有实现激励器腔体"充分" 回填的最大脉冲工作频率––饱和频率. 大的能量沉积、小的激励器出口直径和相同腔体体积下大的径高比都可以产生速度更高的射流, 而射流速度的提高会伴随有饱和频率的降低. 一个饱和周期内, 最多约有16%的初始腔内气体喷出, 吸气复原仅能实现初始腔体质量90%左右的回填.一个大气压条件下, 容性电源供能的等离子体合成射流激励器电能向气体热能和射流动能的转化效率分别约为5%和1.6%. 关键词： 等离子体激励器 合成射流 能量效率 饱和频率     

Thermal noise limit in measuring the gravitational constant G using the angular acceleration method and the dynamic deflection method

A general comparison is made between two methods of measuring the gravitational constant G. The angular acceleration method can avoid the anelasticity effect since the torsion fiber is not twisted. The dynamic deflection method is similar in principle but it does not use feedback, therefore a major noise introduced by the feedback control system in the angular acceleration method can be avoided. Both methods have their advantages and can be performed with the same device. Based on different expressions of G, we have expressed the signal-to-noise ratio and calculated the thermal noise limit for both methods. In order to get a lower thermal noise limit, the dynamic deflection method should avoid resonance.     

Dynamics of two-dimensional vortex system in a strong square pinning array at the second matching field

We study the dynamics of a two-dimensional vortex system in a strong square pinning array at the second matching field. Two kinds of depinning behaviors, a continuous depinning transition at weak pinning and a discontinuous one at strong pinning, are found. We show that the two different kinds of vortex depinning transitions can be identified in transport as a function of the pinning strength and temperature. Moreover, interstitial vortex state can be probed from the transport properties of vortices.     

低密度PMP聚合物泡沫成型控制

为了进一步提高低密度聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯（PMP）聚合物泡沫的成型性能,满足惯性约束聚变物理实验的需求,采用热诱导倒相法结合原位成型和机械加工来进行低密度PMP聚合物泡沫的成型控制研究。 研究结果表明：在热诱导倒相法制备过程中,聚合物溶液形成凝胶后施加气压,再将其在加压状态下在液氮中淬火,可以大大减少得到的PMP/溶剂混合体中大的孔洞,提高其强度,并且在溶剂脱除后PMP泡沫收缩变小,微观结构更加均匀, 孔径更加细小。采用原位成型和机械加工的方法,可以实现低密度PMP聚合物泡沫的精密成型控制。     

μm量级钨掺杂PMP泡沫制备

以聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯（PMP）为泡沫骨架,m量级钨为掺杂材料,超高分子量聚乙烯（UHWPE）为溶液粘度控制剂,通过热诱导倒相技术实现了低密度钨掺杂聚合物泡沫的制备。实验结果表明：当UHWPE质量分数为25%时,能够实现粒径10 m的钨在泡沫体内的均匀掺杂;泡沫密度为20 mg/cm3时,钨掺杂质量分数最高可达60%。     

Defect structure and optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals

A series of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique with various doping concentrations of HfO₂. Their defect structures were analyzed by the UV-visible absorption spectra and infrared absorption spectra. The optical damage resistance of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals was measured by the photo-induced birefringence change and the transmitted light spot distortion method. The results show that the optical damage resistance ability of Hf:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystals enhances remarkably with the HfO₂ concentration increasing when the HfO₂ concentration is lower than its threshold concentration (4 mol%). However, when the HfO₂ concentration exceeds its threshold concentration, the optical damage resistance ability of the crystals returns to decrease. This unusual behavior is explained by using the photovoltaic field produced in the crystals.     

Li,N双受主共掺杂实现p型ZnO的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用第一性原理平面波超软赝势法,首先对六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO晶体和N,Li分别掺杂ZnO以及Li-N共掺杂ZnO晶体的几何结构分别进行了优化计算,在此基础上计算得到了未掺杂ZnO晶体和不同掺杂情况下ZnO晶体的能带结构、总体态密度、分波态密度和电荷布居数.利用计算的结果,从理论上分析了Li-N共掺杂ZnO更容易得到稳定的p型ZnO. 关键词： ZnO 电子结构 第一性原理 p型共掺杂     

Antennal morphology, structure and sensilla distribution in Microplitis pallidipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Microplitis pallidipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important larval parasitoid of noctuid larval pests. In this study, we describe the morphology, ultrastructure and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of both male and female adults using scanning electron microscopy; complemented with transmission electron microscopy. Observations determined that the antennae of M. pallidipes were threadlike and the flagella were composed of 16 sub-segments. Totally, there were six types of sensilla found on the antennae. They were identified as Sensilla trichodea, Sensilla chaetica, Sensilla basiconica type I, S. basiconica type II, Sensilla coeloconicum, and elongated Sensilla placodea, respectively. The S. trichodea were the most abundant sensilla and distributed over the entire antennae, while S. basiconica I and II, S. coeloconicum, and elongated S. placodea were limited to the flagellum. S. chaetica were found on the scape and pedicle in very low numbers. The S. basiconica II and elongated S. placodea walls were full of pores as evident in transmission electron micrographs. Though the shape and structure of antennae between male and female adults were not basically different, the length and width of the antennae on male wasps were significantly greater than that of females. Also, the number, size and density of S. placodea of the male were significantly greater than those of females. The morphology and structure of these sensilla were compared with that found in other braconid wasps. Their possible functions are discussed in light of previously published literature.     

Spectroscopic evidence of the multiple- site structure of Eu(3+) ions incorporated in ZnO nanocrystals

Hexagonal Eu(3+):ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized by a modified solgel method. By means of the site-selective spectroscopy at 10 K, two kinds of luminescence sites of Eu(3+) are identified. One site exhibits a long lifetime of (5)D(0) and sharp emission and excitation peaks, which are ascribed to the inner lattice site with an ordered crystalline environment. The other site associated with the distorted lattice sites near the surface shows a relatively short lifetime of (5)D(0) and significantly broadened fluorescence lines. The energy transfer from the nanocrystal host to Eu(3+) confirms that Eu(3+) ions can, to some extent, be incorporated into the ZnO nanocrystal.     

密度矩阵重正化群的异构并行优化

密度矩阵重正化群方法（DMRG）在求解一维强关联格点模型的基态时可以获得较高的精度,在应用于二维或准二维问题时,要达到类似的精度通常需要较大的计算量与存储空间.本文提出一种新的DMRG异构并行策略,可以同时发挥计算机中央处理器（CPU）和图形处理器（GPU）的计算性能.针对最耗时的哈密顿量对角化部分,实现了数据的分布式存储,并且给出了CPU和GPU之间的负载平衡策略.以费米Hubbard模型为例,测试了异构并行程序在不同DMRG保留状态数下的运行表现,并给出了相应的性能基准.应用于4腿梯子时,观测到了高温超导中常见的电荷密度条纹,此时保留状态数达到10⁴,使用的GPU显存小于12 GB.