Reaction and kinetics in system of rare earths with p-hippurochlorophosphonazo

The beta-type reactions, in which rare earth ions react with chlorophosphonazo, reagents, are extremely sensitive and have been applied widely to determination of rare earths. The reactions and kinetic behavior of the beta-type homo- and iso-nuclear chelates of rare earth with p-hippurochlorophosphonazo (CPA-pHA) have been investigated by a spectrophotometric method. Some kinetic parameters, such as the reaction rate constants, the half lives and the activation energies, were measured. The competing reactions between lanthanoid ions forming and non-forming beta-type chelates were also studied. The effects and trends of different organic solvents on the beta-type chelates have been discussed. A reaction mechanism of beta-type chelates has been proposed.     

Wavelet frequency spectrum and its application in analyzing an oscillating chemical system

Based on the continuous wavelet transform (CWT), three types frequency spectra, wavelet frequency spectrum (WFS), point frequency spectrum (PFS) and time frequency spectrum (TFS), were developed. Two data sets were simulated and treated with the proposed spectra, the results indicated that WFS could extract the frequency information, which was like Fourier analysis but more accurate, PFS could obtain the frequency at any moment, TFS could show frequency change with time. These abilities of PFS and TFS were impossible for Fourier analysis. An oscillating chemical signal was processed with WFS and TFS. From the processed results, two points could be learned about the oscillating chemical reaction: one was the oscillating chemical reaction was a mixture one including two or more complex kinetics processes, the velocity of the switch from the reduced state (RS) to the oxidized state (OS) was faster than the reverse switch (from OS to RS); the other was increase of KBrO₃ could decrease the velocities of both switches, which led to the oscillating period became longer.     

Electrospun core–sheath fibers for integrating the biocompatibility of silk fibroin and the mechanical properties of PLCL

In the process of preparing core–sheath fibers via coaxial electrospinning, the relative evaporation rates of core and sheath solvents play a key role in the formation of the core–sheath structure of the fiber. Both silk fibroin (SF) and poly(lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PLCL) have good biocompatibility and biodegradability. SF has better cell affinity than PLCL, whereas PLCL has higher breaking strength and elongation than SF. In this work, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)‐formic acid (volume ratio 8:2), HFIP and HFIP–dichloromethane (volume ratio 8:2) were used to dissolve PLCL as the core solutions, and HFIP was used to dissolve SF as the sheath solution. Then, core–sheath structured SF/PLCL (C‐SF/PLCL) fibers were prepared by coaxial electrospinning with the core and sheath solutions. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated the existence of the core–shell structure of the fibers, and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis results revealed that the fiber mat with the greatest content of core–shell structure fibers was obtained when the core solvent was HFIP–dichloromethane (volume ratio 8:2). Tensile tests showed that the C‐SF/PLCL fiber mat displayed improved tensile properties, with strength and elongation that were significantly higher than those of the pure SF mat. The C‐SF/PLCL fiber mat was further investigated as a scaffold for culturing EA.hy926 cells, and the results showed that the fiber mat permitted cellular adhesion, proliferation and spreading in a manner similar to that of the pure SF fiber mat. These results indicated that the coaxial electrospun SF/PLCL fiber mat could be considered a promising candidate for tissue engineering scaffolds for blood vessels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative study on fluorescence enhancement and quenching of europium and terbium chelate anions in cationic micelles

Fluorescence enhancement and quenching of water soluble chelates of terbium (Tb3+) with Tiron, salicylic acid (SA), 4-sulfonyl salicylic acid (SSA) and acetylacetone (AA) and sparingly soluble chelates of europium (Eu3+) with beta-diketones were comparatively examined in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). By the composition of the complexes, surface tension measurements and spectral analysis, the binding mode of chelate anions to the micellar surface of cationic surfactants was discussed in terms of ion-exchange model. Quenching effect of CPC on the fluorescence of association complexes seems to arise from the charge transfer from a fluorescent ligand to pyridinium cation. In the case of the chelates of Eu3+ with beta-diketones, however, pyridinium ion is only capable of overlapping the aromatic ring of beta-diketones to less extent since the poorly soluble charged chelates have a weak affinity for the highly polar surface of pyridinium cationic micelles. Efficient charge transfer between the excited aromatic beta-diketone and pyridinium cation fails to be established. CPC also shows enhanced effect on fluorescence like CTMAB.     

Study on Covalent Bonding of 4f Orbital and Ligand

A new parameter b characterizing covalent behaviour of 4f orbit has been developed on the basis of spectral properties of trivalent lanthanides and used to tested the interaction between 4f electrons and ligands for many of the lanthanides compounds. The factors influencing covalent bonding and changing law of covalency have been discussed by the new parameter.     

计算机处理三组分重叠峰法在高效液相色谱法中的应用——钐、钆、镝的同时测定

本文以二甲酚橙为显色剂、甲醇-水(含CTMAB和缓冲溶液)为流动相,利用可编辑的时间程序求得某一保留时间和波长处的电频值对Sm、Gd、Dy混合组分体系进行了考察,提出了一种处理三组分重叠峰法的计算机程序。试验结果表明,该程序简单、快速,计算结果准确度较高。     

稀土三元络合物的极谱研究 Ⅱ．Eu（Ⅲ）－Cit－Ap体系稳定常数的测定

本实验用直流极谱法研究了Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）－Ａｐ，Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）－Ｃｉｔ二元体系和Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）－Ｃｉｔ－Ａｐ三元体系的极谱行为，在μ＝０．１（ＮａＮＯ３），ｔ＝２５±０．２℃条件下，电极过程为准可逆；测定了该条件下二元及三元络合物的稳定常数，讨论了三元络合物的有关形成条件。     

镧系β-二酮-吡啶衍生物三元体系中f-f跃迁光谱的研究

本文研究了Pr~(3 )、Nd~(3 )、Ho~(3 )、Er~(3 )四种离子在乙醇介质中与噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(TTA)、1—苯基—3—甲基—4—苯甲酰基—吡唑酮—5(PMBP)、乙酰丙酮(AA)、二苯甲酰甲烷(DBM)或者苯甲酰丙酮(BA)所形成的二元配合物,以及这些二元配合物与吡啶衍生物所形成的三元配合物的吸收光谱,根据Judd—Ofelt方程计算了各跃迁的振子强度以及方程中的强度参数T_2、T_4及T_8,对Nd~(3 )、Ho~(3 )、Er~(3 )的各个体系而言,超灵敏跃迁的振子强度与参数T_2明显相关。其相关系数为0.92—0.99,符合P=aT_2 b直线方程,而Pr~(3 )则例外。根据配合物吸收峰的红移,计算了Ln~(3 )—TTA—吡啶衍生物体系的共价参数。     

Highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric kinetic determination of ultratrace amounts of vanadium(V) based on the oxidation of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene by bromate

A highly sensitive catalytic quenching spectrofluorimetric method was described for the determination of V(V) based on its catalytic effect on the oxidation of 1,8-diaminonaphthalene by potassium bromate with Tiron as an activator in weakly acidic medium and the reaction mechanism was investigated. The reaction was followed spectrofluorimetrically by measuring the fluorescence intensity of 1,8-diaminonathphlene (DAN) (λ_ex=356 nm, λ_em=439 nm) at a fixed time of 5 min from initiation of the reaction. Under the optimum conditions, vanadium(V) can be determined in the range 0.05-50.0 ng ml⁻¹ with a S.D.=0.024 for 15 times measurements. The detection limit of the method was down to 0.0088 ng ml⁻¹ and the catalytic reaction activation energy was found to be 43.92 kJ mol⁻¹. The proposed method was tested for the determination of vanadium(V) in rice and natural water samples.     

Spectroscopic and voltammetric studies of the cobalt (II) complex of Morin bound to calf thymus DNA

Absorption and emission spectra, viscometric and electrochemical studies have been carried out on the interaction of Morin (2, 3, 4, 5, 7-pentahydroxyflavone) and its Co complex, CoL₂·3H₂O[L = Morin (2-OH group deprotonated)], with calf thymus DNA. In the presence of DNA, the complex exhibits a hypochromism in the u.v.–vis. spectra and a large enhancement in emission spectra suggests that the complex binds to DNA via a weak partial intercalation, revealed by competitive experiments, viscosity and by electrochemical studies. The binding constant is ca. 2 × 10³ M^–1 at 20 °C. Both ZnL₂·3H₂O and CoL₂·3H₂O complexes have the same molecular structure, ZnL₂·3H₂O shows the spectral characteristics and electrochemical behaviour which agrees with observations for other intercalators in the presence and absence of DNA, whereas the CoL₂·3H₂O complex shows different spectral characteristics and electrochemical behaviour to that of ZnL₂·3H₂O, which suggests that the mode and affinity of the complex CoL₂·3H₂O binding to DNA are different from that of ZnL₂·3H₂O. Both ZnL₂·3H₂O and CoL₂·3H₂O complexes exhibited different antitumour activity. So the binding mode and affinity of complexes to DNA may play an important role in determining the antitumour activity.