氮胁迫下水稻的激光诱导荧光光谱特性

为了指导水稻的田间施肥,解决因过量施肥造成资源的大量浪费以及环境污染,特别是水体富营养化等问题,搭建了基于紫外激光诱导荧光技术的荧光光谱探测系统,以研究水稻叶片的氮水平与荧光强度的相关性。文中先用植物营养测定仪(TYS-3N)测定水稻叶片氮含量和叶绿素含量（样本为水稻分蘖期的倒二叶,采集于中国江汉平原地区）,再用搭建的测量系统采集了不同氮水平的荧光光谱。获得了不同氮水平下水稻叶片的荧光光谱数据库,分析了荧光光谱参数F₇₄₀/F₆₈₅（为峰值740,685 nm处的荧光强度比）与氮水平的相关性,发现氮含量的变化对水稻叶片荧光光谱特性影响明显。通过该实验验证了荧光参数的峰值比F₇₄₀/F₆₈₅与氮含量呈明显的线性正相关,相关系数（r）为0.871 8,均方根误差（RMSE）为0.076 82。实验表明采用激光诱导荧光光谱探测技术具有快速无损等优点,且有一定潜力用于定量测量植被营养元素的含量,为采用荧光技术对农作物施氮管理提供了支持。     

增强的UV-B辐射对高粱幼苗光合和抗氧化系统的影响

由于臭氧层逐渐变薄,到达地球表面UV-B辐射不断增加,因UV-B辐射改变的太阳光谱将会对陆地植物造成不同程度的伤害。本试验以高粱龙杂5为材料,对二叶一心高粱进行四种剂量UV-B处理,恢复2 d采用光合仪测定光合参数,并取样测定抗氧化酶活性。随着UV-B剂量的升高,高粱叶片褐化损伤加重,植株矮化,鲜重和干重显著降低;花青素含量显著升高,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著减少,净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数显著下降。同时,随UV-B剂量升高,高粱幼苗气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率表现为“降-升-降”变化;POD和CAT活性呈现“降-升-降”变化;SOD和GR活性呈现“降-升”变化,APX和GPX呈现“升-降-升”变化。在供试的四种剂量中,UV-B处理6 h(相当2.4 J·m-2)的高粱幼苗净光合急剧下降,其他光合指标以及抗氧化酶活性也表现出明显转折。结果表明,增强的UV-B辐射直接导致高粱光合色素、净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的改变;高粱抗氧化系统对高、低剂量UV-B响应机制不同, 其中 ASA-GSH循环对低剂量UV-B反应更敏感,高剂量UV-B辐射不仅破坏高粱光合作用,而且启动植物酶促和非酶抗氧化系统,导致叶片褐化坏死,植株生物量累积减少、株高矮化,甚至死亡。     

Effect of ZnAl2O4 coating on the compressive behaviors of aluminum borate whiskers-reinforced aluminum composites at elevated temperatures

Aluminum borate whiskers (ABOw) with or without ZnAl₂O₄ coating reinforced pure aluminum composites (ABOw/Al, ABOw/ZnAl₂O₄/Al) were fabricated by squeeze casting. The effects of ZnAl₂O₄ coating on the compressive behaviors, microstructures, and matrix textures of the composites were investigated at different temperatures and strain rates. The results indicate that the maximum compressive flow stress of the composites almost linearly decreases with the increase in temperature. The maximum compressive flow stress of ABOw/ZnAl₂O₄/Al composite is higher than that of ABOw/Al composite at the same temperature when the strain rate is larger, however, it is reversed when the strain rate is smaller. It is more serious for the fracture of whiskers in ABOw/ZnAl₂O₄/Al composite than that in ABOw/Al composite at the high compressive strain rate. However, the average length of whiskers in ABOw/ZnAl₂O₄/Al composite is larger than that in ABOw/Al composite at the low compressive strain rate. The strong matrix texture in ABOw/ZnAl₂O₄/Al composite appears at the high compressive strain rate, however, it is observed in ABOw/Al composite at the low compressive strain rate.     

Broadband Light-Emitting Diodes with One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Layer

In this article, a broadband gallium-nitride-based light-emitting diode with a one-dimensional photonic crystal layer is investigated. The broadband light-emitting diode using the proposed backside reflector has high reflectance (>95%) over a 270-nm bandwidth in visible light at an arbitrary incidence angle. A broadband light-emitting diode of high output power due to the high reflectivity is achieved. Also reported are the results for light-emitting diodes by the transistor outline can (TO-can) package. The proposed light-emitting diodes possess broadband high reflected spectra, high output power for light extraction, and a good view angle.     

L（1, 2）-edge-labelings for lattices

For a graph G and two positive integers j and k, an m-L(j, k)-edge-labeling of G is an assignment on the edges to the set {0, 1, 2,..., m}, such that adjacent edges which receive labels differ at least by j, and edges which are distance two apart receive labels differ at least by kThe λ j,k-number of G is the minimum m such that an m-L(j, k)-edge-labeling is admitted by GIn this article, the L(1, 2)-edge-labeling for the hexagonal lattice, the square lattice and the triangular lattice are studied, and the bounds for λ j,k-numbers of these graphs are obtained.     

利用Landsat热红外数据研究1985年—2015年北京市冬季热场分布

由于北京城市中心区冬季供暖、汽车尾气、工业生产等因素的影响,以及冬季植被覆盖减少导致地表热惯量降低,致使北京市冬季地表热场与其他季节差异明显。冬季城市热场分布直接影响冬季大气颗粒物等污染物的扩散速度,因此,研究热场分布对了解城市热场在大气颗粒物污染中的贡献具有重要的意义。首先利用MODTRAN大气辐射传输模型计算大气透过率、大气上行辐射与大气下行辐射三个关键参数,通过构建查找表解算热红外波段辐射传输方程。使用数据模拟的手段评价了该方法的精度,结果表明,当比辐射率和水汽分别在±0.005和±0.6的误差范围内波动时,温度反演的误差分别小于0.348和2.117 K,表明该方法可达到较高的反演精度。选择长时间序列Landsat TM、ETM+数据,进行地表温度反演,得到1985年—2015年北京市的地表温度。基于反演的地表温度分析了北京市热场的时空分布。结果表明,北京冬季热场分布在空间上可分为四个层次：北京市二环内温度较高、二环到五环内低温环状特征明显、外围郊区温度高以及北京西部的山区温度最低;随着近30年来北京市的快速发展,热场分布在长时间序列中发生了明显的改变：随着北京城市的不断扩张,环状低温区域也不断扩大,从三环扩展到六环;城市二环以内热岛效应随时间推移而增强,且分布范围扩大。     

High-Quality Large-Sized Single Crystals of Pb-Doped Bi2Sr2CuO6＋δ High-To Superconductors Grown with Traveling Solvent Floating Zone Method

High quality Pb-doped Bi2Sr2Cu06＋δ （Pb-Bi2201） single crystals are grown by the traveling solvent floating zone technique, with dimensions as large as - 50 min× - 5.0 min ×- 2 mm. The Pb-Bi2201 single crystals with different doping levels are obtained by the annealing process which covers a wide doping range of the overdoped region. We describe in detail the growth and annealing procedures and the characterization and physical property measurements of the Pb-Bi2201 crystals. The availability of these crystals provides a good opportunity to experimentally investigate high-To cuprate superconductors, particularly in the overdoped region.     

Variational multiscale element-free Galerkin method for 2D Burgers’ equation

A new numerical method, which is based on the coupling between variational multiscale method and meshfree methods, is developed for 2D Burgers’ equation with various values of Re. The proposed method takes full advantage of meshfree methods, therefore, no mesh generation and mesh recreation are involved. Meanwhile, compared with the variational multiscale finite element method, a strong assumption, that is, the fine scale vanishes identically over the element boundaries although non-zero within the elements, is not needed. Subsequently two problems which have an available analytical solution of their own are solved to analyze the convergence behaviour of the proposed method. Finally a 2D Burgers’ equation having large Re is solved and the results have also been compared with the ones computed by two other methods. The numerical results show that the proposed method can indeed obtain accurate numerical results for 2D Burgers’ equation having large Re, which does not refer to the choice of a proper stabilization parameter.     

Study of the formant and duration in Chinese whispered vowel speech

Study on the acoustical characteristic is important to speech and speaker recognition in Chinese whispered speech. In this paper, the characteristics of whispered speech are introduced and the acoustical characteristics in Chinese whispered speech are discussed. There is no fundamental frequency in the whispered speech, so other characteristics such as the duration and frequency of formant are extracted and analyzed. From experiments with six simple Chinese whispered vowels, it is proved that the duration and the frequency of formant can be used as the main acoustical characteristics in the Chinese whispered recognition.     

Equivalent boundedness of Marcinkiewicz integrals on non-homogeneous metric measure spaces

Let(X,d,μ)be a metric measure space satisfying the upper doubling condition and the geometrically doubling condition in the sense of Hyto¨nen.We prove that the L p(μ)-boundedness with p∈(1,∞)of the Marcinkiewicz integral is equivalent to either of its boundedness from L1(μ)into L1,∞(μ)or from the atomic Hardy space H1(μ)into L1(μ).Moreover,we show that,if the Marcinkiewicz integral is bounded from H1(μ)into L1(μ),then it is also bounded from L∞(μ)into the space RBLO(μ)(the regularized BLO),which is a proper subset of RBMO(μ)(the regularized BMO)and,conversely,if the Marcinkiewicz integral is bounded from L∞b(μ)(the set of all L∞(μ)functions with bounded support)into the space RBMO(μ),then it is also bounded from the finite atomic Hardy space H1,∞fin(μ)into L1(μ).These results essentially improve the known results even for non-doubling measures.