Protocells programmed through artificial reaction networks

As the smallest unit of life, cells attract interest due to their structural complexity and functional reliability. Protocells assembled by inanimate components are created as an artificial entity to mimic the structure and some essential properties of a natural cell, and artificial reaction networks are used to program the functions of protocells. Although the bottom-up construction of a protocell that can be considered truly ‘alive’ is still an ambitious goal, these man-made constructs with a certain degree of ‘liveness’ can offer effective tools to understand fundamental processes of cellular life, and have paved the new way for bionic applications. In this review, we highlight both the milestones and recent progress of protocells programmed by artificial reaction networks, including genetic circuits, enzyme-assisted non-genetic circuits, prebiotic mimicking reaction networks, and DNA dynamic circuits. Challenges and opportunities have also been discussed.

In this review, the milestones and recent progress of protocells programmed by various types of artificial reaction networks are highlighted.     

Bacteria‐Resistant Single Chain Cyclized/Knotted Polymer Coatings

Further to conventional linear, branched, crosslinked, and dendritic polymers, single chain cyclized/knotted polymers (SCKPs) have emerged as a new class of polymer structure with unique properties. Herein, the development of bacteria‐resistant SCKPs is reported and the effect of this structure on the resistance of polymer materials to bacteria is investigated. Four SCKPs were synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) homopolymerization of multivinyl monomers (MVMs) and then crosslinked by UV light to form SCKP films. Regardless of MVM type used, the resulting SCKP films showed much higher resistance to bacteria, and up to 75 % less bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, in comparison with the corresponding non‐SCKP films. This is due to the altered surface morphology and hydrophobicity of the SCKP films. These results highlight the critical role of the SCKP structure in enhancing the resistance of polymeric materials to bacteria.     

Self-healing Supramolecular Polymer Composites by Hydrogen Bonding Interactions between Hyperbranched Polymer and Graphene Oxide

A self-healing supramolecular polymer composite (HSP-GO) was designed and prepared via incorporation of modified graphene oxide to hyperbranched polymer by hydrogen-bonding interactions.The polymer matrix based on amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HSP-NH2) was synthesized by carboxylation,Curtius rearrangement,and amination of hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester (HP-OH),while the modified graphene oxide was prepared by transformation of hydroxyl to isocyanate and further to carbamate ester.Spectroscopic methods were utilized to characterize the obtained polymer composites.Stress-strain test was selected to carefully study the self-healing property of HSP-GO.It is found that a small amount of modified graphene oxide (up to 2 wt％) improves the glass transition temperature (Tg),tensile strength,Young's modulus,and self-healing efficiency of the polymer composites.After healed at room temperature for 10 min,the addition of modified graphene oxide improves the self-healing efficiency to 3 7％ of its original tensile strength.The experiment result shows that the self-healing efficiency is related to the density of hydrogen bonding site and the molecular movement.     

振动工程中智能结构的研究进展

介绍了智能结构的概念,评述了近年来用于振动工程中的智能结构所研究的几个基本问题：传感器,作动器,智能结构动力学建模及其振动控制,传感／作动器在结构中的优化配置,并提出了建议研究的几个问题：作动／传感材料的研究、集成技术的研究、控制器的研究和结构控制一体化优化技术     

可控约束阻尼层梁的H∞控制实验研究

建立了可控约束阻尼层悬臂梁的动力学模型,分析了模型中的不确定性．针对模态溢出问题,研究了可控约束阻尼层梁结构的Ｈ∞鲁棒控制设计,并进行了数值仿真与控制实验研究．结果表明,与位移比例反馈控制相比,Ｈ∞控制能有效抑制可控约束阻尼层梁结构的模态振动,且对被截断模态不产生控制溢出,具有良好的鲁棒稳定性．     

偏最小二乘—紫外光度法同时测定萘,联苯和氧化联苯

紫外光度法分析了萘、联苯和氧化联苯,采用偏最小二乘法（ＰＬＳ）。用计算机对测定信息进行处理,不经掩蔽和分离同时测定了混合体系中的萘、联苯和氧化联苯。试验结果表明,萘、联苯和氧化联苯的浓度分别在０～３０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１,０～５０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１、０～５０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１内呈线性关系,对合成样品中这三种组分进行分析,结果满意。     

Droplet impact on wetted structured surfaces

In this study, we numerically investigate the droplet impact onto a thin liquid film deposited on a structured surface with square pillars and cavities. The time evolution of crown geometry is strongly affected by the surface structure. When the thickness of the liquid film is larger than the structure height, the expanding speed of the crown base radius is independent of the structure width. However, if the liquid film thickness is equal to the structure height, the crown base expands slower as...     

Cyclic Peptides as Inhibitors of Amyloid Fibrillation

Many neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, or Huntington’s disease, occur as a result of amyloid protein fibril formation and cell death induced by this process. Cyclic peptides (CPs) and their derivatives form a new class of powerful inhibitors that prevent amyloid fibrillation and decrease the cytotoxicity of aggregates. The strategies for designing CPs are described, with respect to their amino acid sequence and/or conformational similarity to amyloid fibrils. The implications of CPs for the study and possible treatment of amyloid‐related diseases are discussed.     

石墨烯/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的层状自组装及性能

以三聚氰胺(MA)和甲醛为原料,添加氧化石墨烯(GO),通过原位聚合法制备了环境友好的石墨烯/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(GE/MF)纳米导电复合材料.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)分析了复合材料的结构和形貌.通过高阻仪和热重分析仪研究了石墨烯对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂导电性和热稳定性的影响,并检测了其甲醛含量.结果表明,超声剥离之后的GO与三聚氰胺甲醛树脂自组装形成了"三明治"夹层结构的复合材料,在GO被还原成GE的同时,大大降低了产品中游离甲醛含量,提高了复合材料的导电性和热稳定性.     

UPLC-MS—MS法测定血液中5种吩噻嗪类药物

建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定血液中5种吩噻嗪类药物的方法。血液样品经过沉淀蛋白后,在HSSSBC18色谱柱上,经乙腈-0．1％甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱分离,用液相色谱-串联质谱仪以电喷雾电离（ESI＋）、多反应监泖l（MRM）方式进行分析。血液样本中异丙嗪、泰尔登、氯丙嗪、奋乃静、三氟拉嗪提取回收率分剐为62％-65％,71％-97％,66％-107％,72％-95％,77％-96％,检出限分别为0．02,0．01,0．01,0．01,0．01ng／mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差小于7％（n=6）。线性范围为0．05-20ng／mL,相关系数大于0．999。该方法适用于血液中吩噻嗪类药物的分析。