人工神经网络吸光光度法同时测定钛锆

在钛,锆-二溴羟基苯基荧光酮-CTMAB显色体系中,应用三层ANN—BP网络解析钛和锆的吸收光谱,不经分离吸光光度法同时测定钛和锆。钛和锆的表观摩尔吸光系数分别为ε_(547)=9.66×10~4,ε_(533)=1.80×10~5。同时测定合金钢中钛和锆,结果满意。使用改进的BP算法,避免了神经网络学习过程中可能产生的麻痹现象。提出了目标向量的简单变换方法及便于网络参数选择的收敛评价函数。     

Highly stable mesoporous metal oxides using nano-propping hybrid gemini surfactants

Noble Gemini surfactants containing a siloxane moiety have been designed and successfully synthesized in the present study and are utilized as structure-directing agents for mesoporous metal oxides such as zirconia, titania, and vanadia. The siloxane moiety is believed to play an important nano-propping role during the surfactant removal by direct calcination, yielding thermally stable mesoporous metal oxides. It is also believed that the synthesis strategy described here can be applied to the synthesis of robust nanostructured materials such as nanoparticles and nanorods in addition to mesoporous materials.     

Developmental validation of the Microreader Group Y Direct ID System: A novel six-dye typing system with 54 Y-chromosomal loci for forensic application

Y-chromosome, as a gender-determined biological marker, is inherited only between fathers and sons. The Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) play an essential role in paternity lineage tracing as well as sexual assault cases. The Microreader Group Y Direct ID System as a six-dye multiplex amplification kit, including 53 Y-STR and one Y-Indel locus, would improve performance and aid in obtaining more information through a greater number of loci with high polymorphism. In the present study, to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the kit, developmental validation was conducted by investigating sensitivity, species specificity, PCR inhibition, male–male and male–female mixtures, and reproducibility. The kit was tested using 311 male samples from Han and Qiang populations in Sichuan Province. The results showed that this kit had fairly high power for forensic discrimination (Han: haplotype diversity [HD] = 1, Qiang: HD = 0.999944). Additionally, 44 confirmed father–son pairs were also genotyped, among which 69 distinct haplotypes could be obtained. These father–son pairs cannot be distinguished by commonly used Y-STR panels, indicating that adding these extra Y-STRs to a single panel can achieve better discrimination performance. Collectively, the Microreader Group Y Direct ID System is robust and informative for forensic applications.     

Numerical investigation on thermodynamic performance of CO2-based mixed refrigerants applied in transcritical system

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The CO2-based mixed refrigerants R744/R152a and R744/R161 are proposed to enhance the thermodynamic performance of pure CO2 refrigerant. The basic...     

Principal component analysis and response surface methodology: optimization for H2 evolution from water catalyzed adopting V–Bi under visible light

Energy generation by photocatalytic water splitting with semiconductors under visible light is an effective method for generating pollution-free energy. In this work, a highly efficient vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅)-based composite photocatalyst was prepared by hydrothermal calcination. The preparation conditions were optimized using single factor experiments, factor analysis (FA), principal component analysis (PCA), and response surface method (Design Expert). The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions were 6% Bi₂S₃ loading, 10 h hydrothermal time, 175.0°C hydrothermal temperature, 4.0 h calcination time, and a calcination temperature of 400.0°C. The results of FA and PCA analysis showed that the hydrothermal temperature, calcination time, and calcination temperature were the three main influencing factors. According to the optimization analysis using the response surface method, the highest hydrogen production rate (590.151 μmol/(g?h)) was obtained at a hydrothermal temperature of 168.74°C, a calcination time of 3.97 h, and a calcination temperature of 390.15°C. The quantum yield of the catalyst was 27.71%.     

Effects of sodium content and calcination temperature on the morphology, structure and photocatalytic activity of nanotubular titanates

Titanate nanotubes (TNT) were prepared via a hydrothermal treatment of TiO(2) powders (P25) in a 10 M NaOH solution at 150 degrees C for 24 h and subsequently washed with HCl aqueous solution of different concentrations (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 N). Samples with different contents of remnant sodium in nanotubes were characterized, as synthesized and after heat-treatment, by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The photocatalytic activity of TNT was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of basic dye (basic violet 10 (BV10)) in water solution. It was found that if the sodium was not completely exchanged with proton, the removal of sodium increased the specific surface area (and pore volume), while the thermal stability was reduced. When the sodium content of TNT was approximately 0 wt% (nearly complete proton exchange), the nanotubular structure of titanates might be destroyed. The effects of the alterations of microstructures induced by the exchange of sodium and heat-treatment on the photocatalytic activity of TNT were discussed with the variations of specific surface area, pore volume, and the amounts of anatase phase in TNT.     

Controllability of Nonlinear Discrete Systems with Degeneracy

This paper concerns the controllability of autonomous and nonautonomous nonlinear discrete systems, in which linear parts might admit certain degeneracy. By introducing Fredholm operators and coincidence degree theory, sufficient conditions for nonlinear discrete systems to be controllable are presented. In addition,applications are given to illustrate main results.     

Protein Oligomer Engineering: A New Frontier for Studying Protein Structure,Function, and Toxicity

Prevalent in nature, protein oligomers play critical roles both physiologically and pathologically. The multimeric nature and conformational transiency of protein oligomers greatly complicate a more detailed glimpse into the molecular structure as well as function. In this minireview, the oligomers are classified and described on the basis of biological function, toxicity, and application. We also define the bottlenecks in recent oligomer studies and further review numerous frontier methods for engineering protein oligomers. Progress is being made on many fronts for a wide variety of applications, and protein grafting is highlighted as a promising and robust method for oligomer engineering. These advances collectively allow the engineering and design of stabilized oligomers that bring us one step closer to understanding their biological functions, toxicity, and a wide range of applications.     

Organic pH Buffer for Dendrite-Free and Shuttle-Free Zn-I2 Batteries

Aqueous Zn-Iodine (I₂) batteries are attractive for large-scale energy storage. However, drawbacks include, Zn dendrites, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), corrosion and, cathode “shuttle” of polyiodines. Here we report a class of N-containing heterocyclic compounds as organic pH buffers to obviate these. We evidence that addition of pyridine /imidazole regulates electrolyte pH, and inhibits HER and anode corrosion. In addition, pyridine and imidazole preferentially absorb on Zn metal, regulating non-dendritic Zn plating /stripping, and achieving a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.6 % and long-term cycling stability of 3200 h at 2 mA cm⁻², 2 mAh cm⁻². It is also confirmed that pyridine inhibits polyiodines shuttling and boosts conversion kinetics for I⁻/I₂. As a result, the Zn-I₂ full battery exhibits long cycle stability of >25 000 cycles and high specific capacity of 105.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹. We conclude organic pH buffer engineering is practical for dendrite-free and shuttle-free Zn-I₂ batteries.     

Water-Catalyzed Oxidation of Few-Layer Black Phosphorous in a Dark Environment

Black phosphorus (BP) shows great potential in electronic and optoelectronic devices owing to its semiconducting properties, such as thickness-dependent direct bandgap and ambipolar transport characteristics. However, the poor stability of BP in air seriously limits its practical applications. To develop effective schemes to protect BP, it is crucial to reveal the degradation mechanism under various environments. To date, it is generally accepted that BP degrades in air via light-induced oxidation. Herein, we report a new degradation channel via water-catalyzed oxidation of BP in the dark. When oxygen co-adsorbs with highly polarized water molecules on BP surface, the polarization effect of water can significantly lower the energy levels of oxygen (i.e. enhanced electron affinity), thereby facilitating the electron transfer from BP to oxygen to trigger the BP oxidation even in the dark environment. This new degradation mechanism lays important foundation for the development of proper protecting schemes in black phosphorus-based devices.