Highly Selective Photoelectroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol over Graphene/Silicon Carbide Composites

Using sunlight to produce valuable chemicals and fuels from carbon dioxide (CO₂), i.e., artificial photosynthesis (AP) is a promising strategy to achieve solar energy storage and a negative carbon cycle. However, selective synthesis of C₂ compounds with a high CO₂ conversion rate remains challenging for current AP technologies. We performed CO₂ photoelectroreduction over a graphene/silicon carbide (SiC) catalyst under simulated solar irradiation with ethanol (C₂H₅OH) selectivity of>99 % and a CO₂ conversion rate of up to 17.1 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ with sustained performance. Experimental and theoretical investigations indicated an optimal interfacial layer to facilitate the transfer of photogenerated electrons from the SiC substrate to the few-layer graphene overlayer, which also favored an efficient CO₂ to C₂H₅OH conversion pathway.     

Printing graphene-carbon nanotube-ionic liquid gel on graphene paper: Towards flexible electrodes with efficient loading of PtAu alloy nanoparticles for electrochemical sensing of blood glucose

The increasing demands for portable, wearable, and implantable sensing devices have stimulated growing interest in innovative electrode materials. In this work, we have demonstrated that printing a conductive ink formulated by blending three-dimensional (3D) porous graphene–carbon nanotube (CNT) assembly with ionic liquid (IL) on two-dimensional (2D) graphene paper (GP), leads to a freestanding GP supported graphene–CNT–IL nanocomposite (graphene–CNT–IL/GP). The incorporation of highly conductive CNTs into graphene assembly effectively increases its surface area and improves its electrical and mechanical properties. The graphene–CNT–IL/GP, as freestanding and flexible substrates, allows for efficient loading of PtAu alloy nanoparticles by means of ultrasonic-electrochemical deposition. Owing to the synergistic effect of PtAu alloy nanoparticles, 3D porous graphene–CNT scaffold, IL binder and 2D flexible GP substrate, the resultant lightweight nanohybrid paper electrode exhibits excellent sensing performances in nonenzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and mechanical properties.     

Structural conformation in a poly(ethylene oxide) film determined by X-ray emission spectroscopy

The electronic structure of pol(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in a thin (<1 mu) film sample was experimentally probed by X-ray emission spectroscopy. Both nonresonant and resonant X-ray emission spectra were simulated by using density functional theory (DFT) applied to four different models representing different conformations in the polymer. Calculated spectra were compared with experimental results for the PEO film. It was found that the best fit was obtained with the polymer conformation in PEO electrolytes from which the salt (LiMF6, M = P, As, or Sb) had been removed. This conformation is different from the crystalline bulk polymer and implies that film casting, commonly used to form electrolytes for Li polymer batteries, induces the same conformation in the polymer not depending upon the presence of salt.     

One-step synthesis of highly water-soluble magnetite colloidal nanocrystals

A high-temperature solution-phase hydrolysis approach has been developed for the synthesis of colloidal magnetite nanocrystals with well-controlled size and size distribution, high crystallinity, and high water solubility. The synthesis was accomplished by the hydrolysis and reduction of iron(III) cations in diethylene glycol with a rapidly injected solution of sodium hydroxide at an elevated temperature. The high reaction temperature allows for control over size and size distribution and yields highly crystalline products. The superior water solubility is achieved by using a polyelectrolyte, that is, poly(acrylic acid) as the capping agent, the carboxylate groups of which partially bind to the nanocrystal surface and partially extend into the surrounding water. The direct synthesis of water-soluble nanocrystals eliminates the need for additional surface modification steps which are usually required for treating hydrophobic nanocrystals produced in nonpolar solvents through the widely recognized pyrolysis route. The abundant carboxylate groups on the nanocrystal surface allow further modifications, such as bioconjugation, as demonstrated by linking cysteamine to the particle surface. The monodisperse, highly water-soluble, superparamagnetic, and biocompatible magnetite nanocrystals should find immediate important biomedical applications.     

聚乙烯-聚异戊二烯两嵌段共聚物的合成和表征

以正丁基锂为引发剂,阴离子聚合合成了聚丁二烯-聚异戊二烯两嵌段共聚物,然后以2-乙基己酸钴/三乙基铝配位络合催化体系,将其中丁二烯段进行选择性氢化,制备了聚乙烯-聚异戊二烯两嵌段共聚物.对这两种嵌段产物分别用红外光谱、GPC,粘度法、DSC、X-射线衍射和动态力学谱等方法进行了表征.     

溶解平衡的动态投影演示

演示目的使学生弄清“溶解平衡是动态平衡”,平衡时:①v 溶解=v 结晶,即单位时间里溶质微粒脱离固体表面向溶液里扩散的数目等于从溶液里回到固体表面的数目;②(残余)固体溶质的质量和溶液的浓度不发生变化。灯片制作取两张硬纸片按下面甲、乙两图剪去黑线及中心(圆)部分,(两纸片中心圆大小相同),再将它们分别固定在两张明胶片上,然后以两纸片的中心为轴,将两片复合起来,使乙片可以相对甲片转动(中心为转轴)。这样便制得一个简易的活动幻灯片。     

高效率连续激光二极管泵浦Cr∶LiSAF激光器

报道了500mW激光二极管端面泵浦Cr∶LiSAF激光器连续运转的实验研究结果.特别是在分析了泵浦光与腔模的耦合情况后,提出了一套与泵浦源相适应的准直聚焦系统,提高了耦合效率.实验对两种不同掺杂浓度和不同形状的Cr∶LiSAF晶体进行了研究,在850nm的中心波长处获得最大输出功率分别为20mW和13mW,斜效率分别为10.3%和7.8%,并对实验结果作了讨论.     

激光引发DNA及多聚核苷酸与SO4.-作用的闪光光谱研究

运用２４８ｎｍ激光光解瞬态吸收光谱研究了ＳＯ４·－与ＤＮＡ及其核苷酸和多聚核苷酸ｐｏｌｙ［Ｇ］、ｐｏｌｙ［Ａ］和ｐｏｌｙ［Ｃ］的相互作用,观察了各体系的作用过程,结果表明,ｐｏｌｙ［Ｇ］、ｐｏｌｙ［Ａ］与ＳＯ４·－发生单电子氧化反应生成嘌呤端基自由基;ｄＣＭＰ与ＳＯ４·－单电子氧化生成阳离子自由基,随后与水反应生成５－羟基－６Ｃ自由基;而ｐｏｌｙ［Ｃ］,ＳＯ４·－先在碱基上加成,生成的加成自由基再从核糖上抽氢生成Ｃ２’－糖自由基;ＤＮＡ与ＳＯ４·－作用生成的主要瞬态产物是鸟嘌呤端基自由基。     

基于特征重聚焦网络的多尺度近岸舰船检测

针对监控视频中的多尺度近岸舰船检测问题,提出了一种基于特征重聚焦网络的舰船目标检测算法,设计了由多维特征聚合模块(MFAM)与注意力特征重构模块(AFRM)组成的特征重聚焦策略.其中,MFAM基于输入的特征金字塔构建特征聚合块,进一步融合多尺度舰船不同层次特征的语义信息.AFRM基于多分支空洞卷积以及通道与空间注意力机...