Structural conformation in a poly(ethylene oxide) film determined by X-ray emission spectroscopy

The electronic structure of pol(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in a thin (<1 mu) film sample was experimentally probed by X-ray emission spectroscopy. Both nonresonant and resonant X-ray emission spectra were simulated by using density functional theory (DFT) applied to four different models representing different conformations in the polymer. Calculated spectra were compared with experimental results for the PEO film. It was found that the best fit was obtained with the polymer conformation in PEO electrolytes from which the salt (LiMF6, M = P, As, or Sb) had been removed. This conformation is different from the crystalline bulk polymer and implies that film casting, commonly used to form electrolytes for Li polymer batteries, induces the same conformation in the polymer not depending upon the presence of salt.     

One-step synthesis of highly water-soluble magnetite colloidal nanocrystals

A high-temperature solution-phase hydrolysis approach has been developed for the synthesis of colloidal magnetite nanocrystals with well-controlled size and size distribution, high crystallinity, and high water solubility. The synthesis was accomplished by the hydrolysis and reduction of iron(III) cations in diethylene glycol with a rapidly injected solution of sodium hydroxide at an elevated temperature. The high reaction temperature allows for control over size and size distribution and yields highly crystalline products. The superior water solubility is achieved by using a polyelectrolyte, that is, poly(acrylic acid) as the capping agent, the carboxylate groups of which partially bind to the nanocrystal surface and partially extend into the surrounding water. The direct synthesis of water-soluble nanocrystals eliminates the need for additional surface modification steps which are usually required for treating hydrophobic nanocrystals produced in nonpolar solvents through the widely recognized pyrolysis route. The abundant carboxylate groups on the nanocrystal surface allow further modifications, such as bioconjugation, as demonstrated by linking cysteamine to the particle surface. The monodisperse, highly water-soluble, superparamagnetic, and biocompatible magnetite nanocrystals should find immediate important biomedical applications.     

聚乙烯-聚异戊二烯两嵌段共聚物的合成和表征

以正丁基锂为引发剂,阴离子聚合合成了聚丁二烯-聚异戊二烯两嵌段共聚物,然后以2-乙基己酸钴/三乙基铝配位络合催化体系,将其中丁二烯段进行选择性氢化,制备了聚乙烯-聚异戊二烯两嵌段共聚物.对这两种嵌段产物分别用红外光谱、GPC,粘度法、DSC、X-射线衍射和动态力学谱等方法进行了表征.     

溶解平衡的动态投影演示

演示目的使学生弄清“溶解平衡是动态平衡”,平衡时:①v 溶解=v 结晶,即单位时间里溶质微粒脱离固体表面向溶液里扩散的数目等于从溶液里回到固体表面的数目;②(残余)固体溶质的质量和溶液的浓度不发生变化。灯片制作取两张硬纸片按下面甲、乙两图剪去黑线及中心(圆)部分,(两纸片中心圆大小相同),再将它们分别固定在两张明胶片上,然后以两纸片的中心为轴,将两片复合起来,使乙片可以相对甲片转动(中心为转轴)。这样便制得一个简易的活动幻灯片。     

高效率连续激光二极管泵浦Cr∶LiSAF激光器

报道了500mW激光二极管端面泵浦Cr∶LiSAF激光器连续运转的实验研究结果.特别是在分析了泵浦光与腔模的耦合情况后,提出了一套与泵浦源相适应的准直聚焦系统,提高了耦合效率.实验对两种不同掺杂浓度和不同形状的Cr∶LiSAF晶体进行了研究,在850nm的中心波长处获得最大输出功率分别为20mW和13mW,斜效率分别为10.3%和7.8%,并对实验结果作了讨论.     

激光引发DNA及多聚核苷酸与SO4.-作用的闪光光谱研究

运用２４８ｎｍ激光光解瞬态吸收光谱研究了ＳＯ４·－与ＤＮＡ及其核苷酸和多聚核苷酸ｐｏｌｙ［Ｇ］、ｐｏｌｙ［Ａ］和ｐｏｌｙ［Ｃ］的相互作用,观察了各体系的作用过程,结果表明,ｐｏｌｙ［Ｇ］、ｐｏｌｙ［Ａ］与ＳＯ４·－发生单电子氧化反应生成嘌呤端基自由基;ｄＣＭＰ与ＳＯ４·－单电子氧化生成阳离子自由基,随后与水反应生成５－羟基－６Ｃ自由基;而ｐｏｌｙ［Ｃ］,ＳＯ４·－先在碱基上加成,生成的加成自由基再从核糖上抽氢生成Ｃ２’－糖自由基;ＤＮＡ与ＳＯ４·－作用生成的主要瞬态产物是鸟嘌呤端基自由基。     

Highly selective molecular recognition and high throughput detection of melamine based on molecularly imprinted sol-gel film

Multimode reader has been generally applied in immunoassay, and in the proposed paper, the 96 well micro-plate was modified with molecularly imprinted melamine sol-gel film, based on which the highly selective and high throughput detection of melamine was achieved. Melamine was imprinted into silica sol-gel films directly using phenyltrimethoxysilane and methyltrimethoxysilane as functionalized organosilicon precursors. The binding characteristic of the imprinted film to melamine was evaluated by equilibrium binding experiments and the morphology was studied by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Scatchard analysis was carried out to estimate the binding parameters of the imprinted film. The proposed method exhibited excellent selectivity because of specific recognition of MM by molecularly imprinted film. Under the optimum conditions, the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity had a linear relationship against the concentration of melamine over the range of 0.1-50 μg mL⁻¹ with a lower detection limit of 0.02 μg mL⁻¹.     

Preparation of a blocked isocyanate compound and its grafting onto styrene-b-(ethylene-co-1-butene)-b-styrene triblock copolymer

The ε-caprolactam was used to block the isocyanate group to enhance the storage stability of allyl (3-isocyanate-4-tolyl) carbamate. The spectra of FTIR and NMR showed that blocked allyl (3-isocyanate-4-tolyl) carbamate (BTAI) possesses two chemical functions, an 1-olefin double bond and a blocked isocyanate group. The FTIR spectrum showed BTAI could regenerate isocyanate group at elevated temperature. DSC and TG/DTA indicated the minimal dissociation temperature was about 135 °C and the maximal dissociation rate appeared at 226 °C. Then the styrene-b-(ethylene-co-1-butene)-b-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) was functionalized by BTAI via melt free radical grafting. The effect of temperature, monomer and initiator concentrations on the grafting degree and grafting efficiency was evaluated. The highest grafting degree was obtained at 200 °C. The grafting degree and grafting efficiency increased with the enhanced concentration of BTAI or initiator. The weight-average molecular weight (M_w) increased greatly at higher initiator concentration and lower ratio of the monomer/initiator. And the molecule weight distribution (MWD) of the modified SEBS became wider than that of pure SEBS. It is obvious that shearing thinning behavior of grafted SEBS is more profound than pure SEBS.     

A generalization of Fan’s results: Distribution of cycle lengths in graphs

Fan [G. Fan, Distribution of cycle lengths in graphs, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 84 (2002) 187-202] proved that if G is a graph with minimum degree δ(G)≥3k for any positive integer k, then G contains k+1 cycles C₀,C₁,…,C_k such that k+1<|E(C₀)|<|E(C₁)|<?<|E(C_k)|, |E(C_i)−E(C_i−1)|=2, 1≤i≤k−1, and 1≤|E(C_k)|−|E(C_k−1)|≤2, and furthermore, if δ(G)≥3k+1, then |E(C_k)|−|E(C_k−1)|=2. In this paper, we generalize Fan’s result, and show that if we let G be a graph with minimum degree δ(G)≥3, for any positive integer k (if k≥2, then δ(G)≥4), if d_G(u)+d_G(v)≥6k−1 for every pair of adjacent vertices u,v∈V(G), then G contains k+1 cycles C₀,C₁,…,C_k such that k+1<|E(C₀)|<|E(C₁)|<?<|E(C_k)|, |E(C_i)−E(C_i−1)|=2, 1≤i≤k−1, and 1≤|E(C_k)|−|E(C_k−1)|≤2, and furthermore, if d_G(u)+d_G(v)≥6k+1, then |E(C_k)|−|E(C_k−1)|=2.