Tunnelling Effect and Hawking Radiation from a Vaidya Black Hole

We extend Parikh＇s study to the non-stationary black hole. As an example of the non-stationary black hole, we investigate the tunnelling effect and Hawking radiation from a Vaidya black hole whose Bondi mass is identical to its mass parameter. The Hawking radiation is considered as a tunnelling process across the event horizon and we calculate the tunnelling probability. It is found that the is the function of Bondi mass re（υ）. result is different from Parikh＇s study because dr H/dυ     

A high-performance SNP panel developed by machine-learning approaches for characterizing genetic differences of Southern and Northern Han Chinese,Korean, and Japanese individuals

Population stratification analyses targeting genetically closely related East Asians have revealed that distinguishable differentiation exists between Han Chinese, Korean, and Japanese individuals, as well as between southern (S-) and northern (N-) Han Chinese. Previous studies offer a number of choices for ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (AISNPs) to discriminate East-Asian populations. In this study, we collected and examined the efficiency of 1185 AISNPs using frequency and genotype data from various publicly available databases. With the aim to perform fine-scale classification of S-Han, N-Han, Korean, and Japanese subjects, machine-learning methods (Softmax and Random Forest) were used to screen a panel of highly informative AISNPs and to develop a superior classification model. Stepwise classification was implemented to increase and balance the discrimination in the process of AISNP selection, first discriminating Han, Korean, and Japanese individuals, and then characterizing stratification between S-Han and N-Han. The final 272-AISNP panel is an alternative optimization of various previous works, which promises reliable and >90% accuracy in classification of the four East-Asian groups. This AISNP panel and the machine-learning model could be a useful and superior choice in medical genome-wide association studies and in forensic investigations for unknown suspect identity.     

MXene的制备及其复合材料在能源光催化领域的应用进展

MXene作为一种拥有层状结构的二维材料,具有良好的吸附催化性能、较宽的光吸收范围、高导热性、高硬度、高熔点、高导电性以及大比表面积等物理和化学特性,在储能、催化、润滑、抗菌、电磁屏蔽等领域有着较高应用价值。本文着重介绍了由前驱体MAX相获得MXene的制备方法,综述了MXene复合材料在光催化固氮、析氢、CO₂还原等能源光催化领域的应用进展。     

快速微乳电动毛细管色谱法同时测定忍冬藤中11种有效成分

1 引言 忍冬藤为忍冬科植物忍冬(Lonicera japonica Thunb.)的干燥茎枝,产于我国大部分地区.忍冬藤具有抗炎、预防和治疗肝纤维化、止血、抗病毒等功效.目前,分析评价忍冬藤质量的方法主要有分光光度法、高效液相色谱法.本研究采用快速的微乳电动毛细管色谱法同时分离并测定了忍冬藤药材中的马钱子苷、当药苷、绿原酸等11种有效成分.     

Electrochemical sensing of CO by gold particles electrodeposited on indium tin oxide substrate

The gold submicroparticles (AuSMPs) electrodeposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) were used to develop an electrochemical method for determining the concentration of CO in gas phase. We demonstrated that the peak current for CO oxidation in cyclic voltammetry (CV) is proportionally dependent on the gas phase concentration of CO. Experimental results are in good agreements with the theoretical predictions over a wide concentration regime, providing a solid foundation for the quantitatively sensing of CO at AuSMPs/ITO electrodes.     

Planar quinary cluster inside a fullerene cage: synthesis and structural characterizations of Sc(3)NC@C(80)-I(h)

The endohedral fullerene Sc(3)NC@C(80)-I(h) has been synthesized and characterized; it has an unprecedented planar quinary cluster in a fullerene cage. It is also the first chemical compound in which the presence of an unprecedented (NC)(3-) trianion has been disclosed. The fascinating intramolecular dynamics in Sc(3)NC@C(80)-I(h) enables the whole molecule to display high polarity and promising ferroelectricity. This finding inspires the possibility that such a planar quinary cluster may be useful in constructing many other endohedral fullerenes.     

Spectroscopic Studies of a Water-soluble Derivative of Hypocrellin A and Its One- and Two-Electron Reduction Products

In this study the spectroscopic characteristics of a water-soluble derivative of hypocrellin A (HA), 14-dehydroxy-15-deacetyl-hypocrellin A-13-sulfonate(13-SO3Na-DDHA),and its one- and two-electron reduction products have been investigated. From the changes in absorbance with pH it was observed that the two phenolic hydroxy groups at C-3 and C-10 positions of 13-SO3Na-DDHA or HA dissociated stepwise with increase of pH values. The pKa values for 13-SO3Na-DDHA and HA were determined using an effective method established in this study. Attempts were also made to use absorption and ESR spectroscopies to study the photoreduction of 13-SO3Na-DDHA. It was found that 13-SO3Na-DDHA was directly reduced to its two-electron reduction product in buffered aqueous solution (pH 7. 7). However, in DMF-buffer (1 :1/ v : v,pH 7. 7), it proceeded with one-electron reduction to generate its semiquinone radical anions. The semiquinone radical anions decayed according to second-order kinetics. indicating that the terminatio     

直膨式太阳能热泵热水器运行特性的实验研究

本文针对自行设计、建造的“直膨式太阳能热泵热水器”实验样机进行了春季运行工况下的实验研究,并对其运行特性进行了详尽的分析．实验结果表明,在环境温度均值20．6℃、太阳辐射强度均值954．59 W／m2的室外气象条件下,将150升水从13．4℃加热到50．5℃只需要94分钟,热泵供热性能系数达到6．61．即使在环境温度为17．1℃的雨夜天气,热泵性能系数仍能够达到3．11．通过对典型工况下太阳能集热板的集热效率和过热度进行分析发现,如果用电子膨胀阀取代热力膨胀阀对供液量进行实时调节,可以进一步提高热泵的性能系数和系统运行的稳定性．     

脂质体电动色谱法评价阿魏酸与生物膜的相互作用

利用脂质体与生物膜结构的相似性,将脂质体加入毛细管电泳缓冲溶液中作为假固定相,在数分钟内测定了阿魏酸的脂水分配系数Klw,建立了脂质体电动色谱评价阿魏酸与生物膜相互作用的方法。研究了脂质体中胆固醇的含量、缓冲溶液pH值和缓冲体系对Klw的影响。结果表明,在实验条件范围内(胆固醇含量0~30%,pH值4.0~12.0),胆固醇含量升高,缓冲溶液pH值增大,Klw降低;在不同的缓冲体系中,离子强度越大,Klw越大。脂水分配系数的变化反映了阿魏酸与生物膜相互作用。     

Structure-Based Molecular Networking for the Discovery of Anti-HBV Compounds from Saussurea lappa (Decne.) C.B Clarke

It is a crucial to find target compounds in natural product research. This study presents a concept of structure-guided isolation to find candidate active molecules from herbs. We establish a process of anti-viral sesquiterpene networking. An analysis of the networking suggested that new anti-HBV sesquiterpene may be attributable to eudesmane-, guaiane-, cadinane-, germacane- and bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the structure-based molecular networking, ethanol extract of Saussurea lappa (Decne.) C.B Clarke was investigated, which led to the isolation of two guaiane-type (1 and 14), ten eudesmane-type (2–5 and 8–13), two chain (6 and 7) and one germacrane-type (15) sesquiterpenes, including seven new ones, lappaterpenes A–G (1–7), which are reported on herein. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were established by coupling constants, calculated ECD and ROESY correlations, as well as comparisons of optical rotation values with those of known compounds. The absolute configuration of compound 2 was further confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1–15 were evaluated for their potency against hepatitis B virus. Compounds 4, 6, 7 and 9 showed effect on HBsAg with inhibition ratios of more than 40% at 30 μM concentrations. Compounds 14 and 15 inhibited HBsAg secretion with the values of IC₅₀ 0.73 ± 0.18 and 1.43 ± 0.54 μM, respectively. Structure-based molecular networking inspired the discovery of target compounds.