A Straightforward Immunoassay Applicable to a Wide Range of Antibodies Based on Surface Enhanced Fluorescence

A straightforward immunoassay based on surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) has been demonstrated using a fluorescent immune substrate and antibody functionalized-silver nanoparticles. Unlike the conventional SEF-based immunoassay, which usually uses the dye-labeled antibodies and the metallic nanostructured-substrates, the presented immune system does not need the antibodies to be labeled with dye molecules. Thus, this immunoassay can be easily applied to the detection of a wide range of target antigens, which is of great importance for its practical application. The experimental results show that this immunoassay has a good specificity as well as the capacity of quantitative detection. Basically, the surface density of the immuno-adsorbed silver nanoparticles increases with the increased amount of target antigens, resulting in a fluorescence enhancement up to around 7 fold. The dose-responsive performance of the immunoassay has been investigated and the limit of detection (LOD) is 1 ng/mL. Due to its simple preparation method and the wide range of detectable antigens, this presented immunoassay is expected to be helpful for extending the SEF-based application.     

Some estimates for commutators of Riesz transform associated with Schrödinger type operators

Let L₁ = ?Δ + V be a Schr:dinger operator and let L² = (?Δ)² + V² be a Schrödinger type operator on ?ⁿ (n ? 5), where V≠ 0 is a nonnegative potential belonging to certain reverse Hölder class B_s for s ? n/2. The Hardy type space \(H_{{L_2}}^1\) is defined in terms of the maximal function with respect to the semigroup \(\left\{ {{e^{ - t{L_2}}}} \right\}\) and it is identical to the Hardy space \(H_{{L_1}}^1\) established by Dziubański and Zienkiewicz. In this article, we prove the L^p-boundedness of the commutator R_b = bRf - R(bf) generated by the Riesz transform \(R = {\nabla ^2}L_2^{ - 1/2}\), where \(b \in BM{O_\theta }(\varrho )\), which is larger than the space BMO(?ⁿ). Moreover, we prove that R_b is bounded from the Hardy space \(H_{\mathcal{L}_1 }^1 \) into weak \(L_{weak}^1 (\mathbb{R}^n )\).     

Spatial, temporal and spectral emission characteristics from electron oscillation driven by an intense circularly polarized few-cycle laser pulse

The spatial, temporal and spectral emission characteristics of radiation generated from electron oscillations driven by an intense circularly polarized few-cycle laser pulse have been investigated theoretically and numerically using a single electron model. For a femtosecond driving laser pulse with duration of one optical cycle, the maximal radiation emitted by the electron comprises only one electromagnetic pulse having durations much shorter than the optical cycle and belonging to the attosecond range. It is discovered that the influence of the initial phase on the process of full spatial characteristics of the radiation is apparent for intense few-cycle laser pulse. The characteristics can be used to measure the initial phase of intense circularly polarized few-cycle laser pulse in experiments.     

Germanium PMOSFETs with Low-Temperature Si2H6 Passivation Featuring High Hole Mobility and Superior Negative Bias Temperature Instability

We investigate negative bias temperature instability （NBTI） on high performance Ge p-channel metal-oxide- semiconductor field-effect transistors （pMOSFETs） with low-temperature Si2H6 passivation. The Ge pMOSFETs exhibit an effective hole mobility of 311 cm2/V.s at an inversion charge density of 2.5 × 1012 cm^-2. NBTI characterization is performed to investigate the linear transconductance （GM,lin） degradation and threshold voltage shift （△VTH） under NBT stress. Ge pMOSFETs with a lOyr lifetime at an operating voltage of -0.72 V are demonstrated. The impact of the Si2H6 passivation temperature is studied. As the passivation temperature increases from 350℃ to 550℃, the degradation of NBTI characteristics, e.g., GM,lin loss, △VTH and an operating voltage for a lifetime of lOyr, is observed.     

Entropies of Static Dilaton Black Holes from the Cardy Formula

A standard Virasoro subalgebra for a static dilaton black hole obtained in the low-energy effective field theory describing heterotic string is constructed at a Killing horizon. The statistical entropies of the Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger dilaton black hole and the Gibbons–Maeda dilaton black hole obtained by standard Cardy formula agree with their Bekenstein–Hawking entropies only if we take period T of function as the periodicity of the Euclidean black hole. We also consider first-order quantum correction to the entropy and find that the correction is described by a logarithmic term with a factor of , which is different from Kaul and Majumdar's factor of .     

Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Analytical Spectrometry

Abstract

Dielectric barrier discharge is a nonequilibrium plasma, and its industrial application has been on a large scale. Similarly, its prominent features of high dissociation ability at low working temperature and low power consumption, simple and adjustable configuration, ambient working conditions, and long lifetime are favorable for developing a wide array of analytical devices as well. This review addresses the basics of dielectric barrier discharge and emphasizes their analytical applications in analytical atomic spectrometry, chemiluminescence, gas chromatographic detectors, ion source for mass spectrometry, and ion mobility spectrometry with 103 references.     

Fabrication of a pure polarization grating in a cross-linked azopolymer by polarization-modulated holography

A cross-linked azopolymer with high optical and thermal stability was prepared. A pure polarization grating without surface topology was fabricated from cross-linked azopolymer by polarization holography by use of orthogonal linearly polarized beams from a He-Cd laser with a power density of 60 mW/cm(-2). The surface relief structure was investigated by atomic-force microscopy, and the polarization grating was observed by polarization optical microscopy. The grating spacing is 1.5 microm. The grating is stable at room temperature and can endure repeated writing-erasing.     

Higher Sugawara Operators for the Quantum Affine Algebras of Type A

We give explicit formulas for the elements of the center of the completed quantum affine algebra in type A at the critical level that are associated with the fundamental representations. We calculate the images of these elements under a Harish-Chandra-type homomorphism. These images coincide with those in the free field realization of the quantum affine algebra and reproduce generators of the q-deformed classical \({{\mathcal W}}\)-algebra of Frenkel and Reshetikhin.     

Darboux Transformation for the Vector Sine-Gordon Equation and Integrable Equations on a Sphere

We propose a method for construction of Darboux transformations, which is a new development of the dressing method for Lax operators invariant under a reduction group. We apply the method to the vector sine-Gordon equation and derive its Bäcklund transformations. We show that there is a new Lax operator canonically associated with our Darboux transformation resulting an evolutionary differential-difference system on a sphere. The latter is a generalised symmetry for the chain of Bäcklund transformations. Using the re-factorisation approach and the Bianchi permutability of the Darboux transformations, we derive new vector Yang–Baxter map and integrable discrete vector sine-Gordon equation on a sphere.