Regiospecific photoisomerization of fluorinated (E,E)-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadienes

Photoisomerization of five fluorinated E,E-1-(R-phenyl)-4-phenyl-1,3-butadienes in solution (R = 1: p-monofluoro, 2: m,m′-difluoro, 3: m,m′,p-trifluoro, 4: o,o′,m,m′-tetrafluoro, 5: o,o′,m,m′,p-pentafluoro) was investigated via direct irradiation. Our results indicated that cis-trans photoisomerization of the fluorinated 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadienes in the excited singlet state took place exclusively at the CC bonds closer to the fluorine substituents.     

稀土气态配合物REAl_3Br_(12)稳定性规律

采用骤冷法对反应REBr3(s)+(3/2)Al2Br6(g)=REAl3Br12(g)进行研究,实验温度和压力范围分别是600~850 K和0.0077~0.22 MPa,反应平衡时间为6 h。测定它们在不同温度下的稳定常数。结果显示,中稀土的气态配合物稳定常数最大。以气态配合物REAl3Br12的lgKp与Z+/r作图,可将镧系稀土元素分为La-Eu,Eu-Er和Er-Lu三组,在每一组内,REAl3Br12的稳定常数均呈线性关系。在稀土气态配合物RE-Al3Br12稳定常数与原子序数及离子势(Z+/r)的变化关系中都存在着钆断现象。REAl3Br12稳定常数的对数值对RE(Ⅲ)的基态角量子数作图,得到四条直线,类似斜W效应。     

氧气分子参与的乙烯基单体自由基聚合

尽管被公认在自由基聚合中往往起着缓聚、阻聚或链转移的作用,越来越多的结果表明,在某些情况下,如高温、高压,或当某些催化剂存在时,氧气分子(O2)可以参与甚至加速乙烯基单体的自由基聚合。本文综述了上世纪90年代以来,O2参与的乙烯基单体的热/光诱导自由基聚合、化学引发自由基聚合、氧载体催化自由基聚合以及可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合。以上结果表明,在上述情况下,O2,作为一个普通不饱和单体,可以与苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等乙烯基单体形成交替共聚物(聚过氧化物),而此类聚过氧化物均可裂解为自由基。     

Depolymerization of Free‐Radical Polymers with Spin Migrations

The mechanism of depolymerization is one of the most essential issues in chemical engineering and materials science. In this work, we investigate the depolymerization reactions of three typical free‐radical poly(alpha‐methylstyrene) tetramers by using first‐principles density functional theory. The calculated results show that these reactions all need to overcome the energy barriers in the range of 0.58 to 0.77 eV, and that breaking the C?C bond at the chain end leads to the dissociation of alpha‐methylstyrene monomers from the polymers. Electronic‐structure analysis indicates that the reactions occur easily at the CR₃ unsaturated end, and that the frontier molecular orbitals that participate in the reactions are mainly localized at the unsaturated ends. Meanwhile, spin population analysis presents the unique net spin‐transfer process in free‐radical depolymerization reactions. We hope the current findings can contribute to understanding the free‐radical depolymerization mechanism and help guide future experiments.     

Discrete Rectangles,Prisms, and Heterometallic Cages from a Conjugated Cp*Rh‐Based Building Block

By carefully selecting an existing synthetic strategy and suitable coordination subunits, constructing desired coordination geometries is no longer that difficult to accomplish. Herein, a new strategy to construct a series of unprecedented structures by using conjugated Cp*Rh‐based complex BN‐OTf (Cp*=η⁵‐C₅Me₅) as the building block is proposed. DFT calculations revealed extensive delocalized π bonds in the subunit. With BN‐OTf , rectangular macrocycles TN‐bpy and TN‐bpe were controllably synthesized. Single‐crystal XRD studies confirmed one‐dimensional stacking channels for the tetranuclear structure. Notably, the starting ligand imidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylate was found to act not only as a tetradentate but also as a hexadentate ligand that can coordinate to further metal ions. Subsequently, [4 Rh+1 M] heterometallic complexes HMZ (M=Cu and Zn) were accessed by chelating borderline hard/soft Lewis acids. With TN‐Linker or HMZ , two routes resulted in the [8 Rh+2 M] heterometallic cages HMC (M=Cu and Zn) with excellent crystallinity and stability. Surprisingly, when BN‐OTf bonded to rhodium itself, triangular prisms TP‐Linker were obtained with high solubility after being linked by bipyridine linkers. Both the X‐ray structure and ¹H NMR spectrum confirmed the novel isomerization of the triangular structures. All of the compounds were obtained in high yields and were fully characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and in most cases single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination.     

Preparation of a monolith functionalized with zinc oxide nanoparticles and its application in the enrichment of fluoroquinolone antibiotics

This study describes the enrichment ability of ZnO‐modified methacrylic acid‐co‐ethylene dimethacrylate polymer monoliths as stationary phases for the simultaneous determination of antibiotics (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and pefloxacin) combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The prepared monolith was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The polymer monolith microextraction method has been applied to the enrichment of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and satisfactory results were obtained in the analysis of water samples. Compared with the conventional methacrylic acid based monolith, the developed monolith exhibited a higher enrichment capacity because of the introduction of zinc oxide into the preparation process.     

Tuning the band-gap energy of TiO2-xCx nanoparticle for high performance photo-catalyst

We describe a method tuning the band-gap energy (E_g) of visible light sensitive TiO_2-xC_x nanoparticle. E_g tends to become smaller with the increase in the amount of carbon dopant in TiO_2-xC_x nanoparticle due to the increase in excess electrons. Photo-catalytic oxidative activity, however, did not depend on only the value of E_g, but also the energy level of valence band. TiO_1.96C_0.04 nanoparticle having E_g of 2.6 eV showed outstanding performance in oxidative decomposition of phenol under the irradiation of visible light.     

Microchip electrophoretic separation for the fast diagnosis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle

We report a diagnostic method for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) infection in cattle using a nested PCR and microchip electrophoresis (ME). A. phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis and granulocytic ehrlichiosis, which are emerging tick‐borne zoonotic diseases. Nested PCR was used to amplify genomic DNA samples extracted from cattle blood. The amplified PCR products were analyzed under a sieving gel matrix of 0.7% poly(ethyleneoxide) (M_r=8 000 000) in a conventional glass microchip. In the ME assay, A. phagocytophilum was analyzed within 35 s with a relative standard deviation of 1.30% (n=5) using a programmed field strength gradient (PFSG) as follows: 615.3 V/cm for 0–24 s, 66.7 V/cm for 24–34 s, 615.3 V/cm for 34–100 s. The ME‐PFSG assay was clinically validated by comparing the 16S rRNA gene levels obtained by this method with those measured using conventional slab gel electrophoresis performed with ten cattle blood samples suspected of A. phagocytophilum infection. In contrast to slab gel electrophoresis, the proposed ME‐PFSG methodology had increased sensitivity (200–450 pg/μL), a faster analysis time (<35 s), and required a smaller sample volume (～162 fL).     

Phosphorous,nitrogen, and molybdenum ternary co-doped TiO2: preparation and photocatalytic activities under visible light

P, N, and Mo ternary co-doped nano TiO₂ photocatalysts ((P, N, Mo)-TiO₂) were prepared by a single step sol–gel method, which show much enhanced photocatalytic activities over Mo-TiO₂, (P, N)-TiO₂, un-doped TiO₂ and Degussa P25 under visible light irradiation. The degradation rate of 0.72Mo–P-TiO₂ is as high as 65.3%, which is about 6.7 times of that of Degussa P25. Possible reasons for the improvement of photocatalytic activities were analyzed.     

基于蛋白质骨架的人工水解酶的理性设计

蛋白质是生命体的重要组成部分,其中生物酶在生命体系中发挥至关重要的作用。蛋白质分子设计是研究生物酶结构与功能关系的重要手段。本文综述了基于蛋白质骨架的人工水解酶的理性设计与功能研究进展,包括对天然蛋白的重新利用和重新改造,基于3-股螺旋、4-股螺旋或锌指蛋白的分子设计,以及血红蛋白(如细胞色素b₅和肌红蛋白突变体)水解酶催化活性的调控等,阐明了人工水解酶分子设计的基本思路与研究方法,为合理构建人工水解酶或其他生物酶提供了重要的信息。人工水解酶的理性设计进展,不但深化我们对天然酶结构-性质-反应-功能关系的认识,而且还提升我们创造具有优越功能的人工生物酶的能力。