FTIR analysis of the hydrolysis rate in the sol–gel formation of gadolinia-doped ceria with acetylacetonate precursors

This study reveals that Fourier transform infrared is an effective analytical tool in probing the extent of hydrolysis of cerium and gadolinium acetylacetonates dissolved in methanol. It is found that these acetylacetonates have relatively fast hydrolysis rates at the early stage of hydrolysis (<6 h). However, their hydrolysis rates become very slow beyond 6-h of hydrolysis and decrease to near zero after 55-h of hydrolysis. As a result, hydrolysis cannot be completed even after 170 h at room temperature. These phenomena suggest that the first and second acetylacetone ligands chelated to Ce³⁺ and Gd³⁺ ions can actually be hydrolyzed with relative ease at room temperature, similar to alkoxide ligands. It is the last acetylacetone ligand that is very difficult to be hydrolyzed.     

Enantiomeric separation of 2‐arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs by HPLC with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral mobile phase additive

The enantio‐separations of eight 2‐arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (2‐APA NSAIDs) were established using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) as chiral mobile phase additive for studying the stereoselective skin permeation of suprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, indoprofen, fenoprofen, furbiprofen, ibuprofen and carprofen. The effects of the mobile phase composition, concentration of HP‐β‐CD and column temperature on retention and enantioselective separation were investigated. With 2‐APA NSAIDs as acidic analytes, the retention times and resolutions of the enantiomers were strongly related to the pH of the mobile phase. In addition, both the concentration of HP‐β‐CD and temperature had a great effect on retention time, but only a slight or almost no effect on resolutions of the analytes. Enantioseparations were achieved on a Shimpack CLC‐ODS (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) column. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and phosphate buffer (pH 4.0–5.5, 20 mM) containing 25 mM HP‐β‐CD. This method was flexible, simple and economically advantageous over the use of chiral stationary phase, and was successfully applied to the enantioselective determination of the racemic 2‐APA NSAIDs in an enantioselective skin permeation study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汽车租赁调度多目标优化模型

本文考虑一个周期的汽车租赁调度问题,在直接调运的前提下,首先以汽车租赁公司的总收益最大和总短缺损失最小为目标,建立多目标优化模型;然后提出了基于启发式的双层排序综合择优算法;最后对汽车租赁案例进行了实证研究。     

椭圆重复齐次化问题W_0~(1,p)空间的收敛性

该文研究了形如-div(A(x/ε,x/ε~2)▽u_ε)=f(x)的椭圆重复齐次化问题解的收敛性,得到了Dirichlet边界条件下解在W_0~(1,p)空间的收敛率.证明所用的技巧是基于得到算子格林函数的估计.