(E)-2-Benzylidenebenzocyclanones: Part VII. Investigation of the conjugation reaction of two cytotoxic cyclic chalcone analogues with glutathione: an HPLC–MS study

Abstract  

The non-enzyme-catalyzed reaction of reduced glutathione (GSH) with two tumor cell cytotoxic cyclic chalcone analogues was investigated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). HPLC analysis of the reaction mixtures indicated the formation of two diastereomeric chalcone–GSH adducts in each case, whose structural assignments were supported by MALDI-TOF-MS and HPLC–MS with electrospray ionization (ESI) measurements. Such reactivity accounts for the previously observed effect of the two cyclic chalcone analogues on the in vivo cellular thiol level of Jurkat T cells.     

X-ray CT in the detection of palm weevils

Early detection of the red palm weevils (RPW) is a major challenge in agriculture among all kinds of palm trees due to the nature of the insect and the difficulty to trace them through their life stages associated with the tree life. Many methods have been applied for the weevil detection such as X-ray diffraction techniques, fluoroscopy and ultrasound. On the other hand, the idea of tomography has been used for other purposes such as the determination of the age of the tree and for applied environmental studies. Such technology can also reveal the weevil in principle. In this study, we explore the use of X-ray CT for weevil detection with the Monte Carlo method. A model of the stem of a palm tree is developed for simulations. MCNPX is chosen to carry out the simulations for the radiography tally in the code. The tally records the 2D data of the X-ray beams irradiating the tree model. An iterative reconstruction method for cone beam CT is applied to obtain the 3D slices of the tree model. We are exploring the minimum number of projection angles and the detectability of the weevil. We shall also report the sensitivity of weevil detection using X-ray CT with a large set of simulations with different weevil sizes and tree diameters.     

A ruthenium(II) hydride carbonyl complex with 4-phenylpyrimidine as co-ligand

The reaction of [RuHCl(CO)(PPh₃)₃] with 4-phenylpyrimidine gave a new ruthenium(II) complex, namely [RuHCl(CO)(PPh₃)₂(pyrim-4-Ph)]. The complex has been studied by IR and UV?Cvis spectroscopy and by X-ray crystallography. The molecular orbitals of the complex have been calculated by density functional theory. The spin-allowed singlet?Csinglet electronic transitions of the complex have been calculated by time-dependent DFT, and the UV?Cvis spectrum of the compound has been discussed on this basis. The emission properties of the complex were also studied.     

Uncertainty quantification in a chemical system using error estimate-based mesh adaption

This paper describes a rigorous a posteriori error analysis for the stochastic solution of non-linear uncertain chemical models. The dual-based a posteriori stochastic error analysis extends the methodology developed in the deterministic finite elements context to stochastic discretization frameworks. It requires the resolution of two additional (dual) problems to yield the local error estimate. The stochastic error estimate can then be used to adapt the stochastic discretization. Different anisotropic refinement strategies are proposed, leading to a cost-efficient tool suitable for multi-dimensional problems of moderate stochastic dimension. The adaptive strategies allow both for refinement and coarsening of the stochastic discretization, as needed to satisfy a prescribed error tolerance. The adaptive strategies were successfully tested on a model for the hydrogen oxidation in supercritical conditions having 8 random parameters. The proposed methodologies are however general enough to be also applicable for a wide class of models such as uncertain fluid flows.     

Research on the price game model for four oligarchs with different decision rules and its chaos control

Based on the actual competition in the Chinese property insurance market, the repeated price game model for four oligarchs with different decision rules is built. On the basis of analyzing the stabilities of eight fixed points about the four-dimensional dynamic system, the Nash equilibrium and its local stable region are discussed mainly. Then the complexity of the four-dimensional discrete dynamic system and its evolutionary process are studied. Finally, the delay feedback control method is used to control the chaos. Numerical simulation results have shown that the influence which the change of price adjustment speed has on the movement of dynamic system has a sensitive dependence on the initial conditions, and there is a strong connection between the profit of each oligarch and the price adjustment speed or the control parameters, and the corresponding economic explanation to those phenomena will have important reference values to the realistic problems.     

Composition of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and immunodistribution of chondroitin sulfate in deeply infiltrating endometriosis affecting the rectosigmoid

The composition of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the tissue distribution of chondroitin sulfate (CS) were analyzed in deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) of rectosigmoid, using metachromatic staining, and biochemical analysis employing electrophoresis before and after specific enzymatic or chemical degradations, and immunostaining with an antibody against CS. The sulfated GAGs were characterized as dermatan sulfate (DS), heparan sulfate (HS) and CS; and DS strongly predominated compared to HS and CS. Immunostaining procedures showed that CS was concentrated in the endometriosis foci, distributed throughout the stroma around the glands. This is the first report describing the composition of sulfated GAGs and the tissue location of CS in DIE by means of histochemical, biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. These results confirmed that in DIE of rectosigmoid, as in eutopic endometrium [Nasciutti, L.E., Ferrari, R., Berardo, P.T., Souza, M.L.S., Takiya, C.M., Borojevic, R., Abrao, M.S., Silva, L.C.F., 2006. Distribution of chondroitin sulfate in human endometrium. Micron 37, 544–550], CS was the dominant sulfated GAG in stroma of the lesion foci.     

Polymer-Nanoparticle Composites Composed of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Coated Silver Nanoparticles

The effects of addition of synthesized organic-suspension silver nanoparticles on the crystallization and thermal stability of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The TEM images showed the average primary size of the as-synthesized silver nanoparticles, coated with a monolayer of the surfactants consisting of oleic acid and an alkylamine, was about 5 nm with narrow distribution, and that they were uniformly dispersed in n-heptane. PHBV/silver nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer and then injection molded into rectangle-shaped specimens by a labscale injection molding device. The coated silver nanoparticles showed a homogenuous dispersion in the PHBV matrix when the content of coated silver nanoparticles was about 1%. Both the DSC and POM data showed the efficient heterogeneous nucleation by the coated silver nanoparticles for facilitating PHBV crystallization. The thermal stability of the PHBV/silver nanocomposites improved with the increase in the content of the coated silver nanoparticles.     

A NEW SYSTEM EXHIBITING A HIGH BARRIER TO ROTATION ABOUT THE P—N BOND. SYNTHESES AND SPECTRAL STUDIES OF 1,3,2-DIAZAPHOSPHETIDIN-4-ONE DERIVATIVES

Abstract

1,3,2-Diazaphosphetidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized. Their ¹H NMR signals at ambient temperature displaed a broad doublet which eventually coalesced before becoming sharp upon warming, and the ¹³C NMR spectra also showed that the α-and β-carbons of the dialkylamino group were non-equivalent. The phenomena were ascribed to restricted rotation about the exocyclic P—N bond.