全氟烷基磺酸酯C-O键断裂的同面SN2反应

用密度泛函理论研究了CF3SO3CF2CF3 F^-的碳氧键断裂反应的机理。首先，用DFT方法优化了反应物、中间体、过渡态、产物的平衡构型，分析了碳氧键断裂反应的势能面变化，发现在SN2反应机理中，除了S-O断裂SN2反应外，引起C-O键断裂的同面进攻也是一个可能的反应途径。理论计算表明，最终反应的产物是受热力学控制的，S-O键的断裂绝对地优于C-O的断裂。因此，C-O断裂的同面机理虽然是可能的，但却难以被实验观察到，本文还讨论了端基-CF3在同面SN2反应中的邻位效应，以及基组对这个效应的影响。     

Long-range through-bond photoactivated sigma bond cleavage in steroids. Intramolecular sensitized debromination

[structure: see text] The photolysis of 17alpha-bromo-3alpha-(triphenylsilyloxy)-5alpha-androstane (2; 3alphaTPSO/17alphaBr) and 17alpha-bromo-3alpha-(triphenysilyloxy)-5-androstan-6-one (3; 3alphaTPSO/6ketone/17alphaBr) is described. Irradiation of 2 with 266 nm light leads to debromination via intramolecular transfer of triplet excitation energy with a quantum efficiency of 0.0011. Photolysis of 3 with both 266 and 308 nm light leads to debromination with quantum efficiencies of ca. 0.0066. The debromination of 3 is attributed to activation via the ketone excited singlet state, with singlet energy transfer from C6 to C17 ca. 35% efficient and occurring with a rate constant of 1.4 x 10(8) s(-1).     

One-step Beckmann Rearrangement from Ketones and Hydroxylamine in Dry Media under Microwave Irradiation

TheBeckInannrearrangement,theacid-mediatedisomerizationofoximestoamides,wasfirstdiscoveredinl886l.Asoneoftheoldestandmostfamiliartransformationsinorganicchemistry,ithasbeenwidelystudiedandagreatvarietyofmethodstoconductthistfansformationhavebeenreported'.However,mostofthesemethodswerecarriedoutbyusingalargeamountofsolventswithlongreactiontime.Whatismore,thepriorpreparationofthecorrespondingketoximesisusuallyrequired,whichmakestheseprocessesinconvenientandlessattractive.Bytakingadvantageofboth…     

胶束形成的分形研究

提出了测定胶束质量分维的两种新方法即粘度法和GPC－LALLS联机法，随后从动态光散射数据计算了离子型胶束SDS的分维，这些实验数值之间能互相印证．建立了放束形成过程的Laplace分形理论，计算得分维D＝1.54（二级），作高级计算的分维D＝1.67与前面实测值基本相符，另外，从唯象理论角度，讨论了胶束的多重分形及其热力学行为，发现有两个相变点β_c＝-4和β_c＝-1．并认为这两个转折分别对应着单分子<=>分形胶束<=>经典胶束结构之间的转变．     

铋(Ⅲ)-桑色素极谱络合吸附波的研究

在0.25 mol/L HCl底液中,用单扫极谱法得到了灵敏的铋(Ⅱ)-桑色素络合吸附波,其检测下限达5.0×10~(-9)mol/L。用其测定了锰盐中的痕量铋。测得电活性络合物组成为:铋(Ⅱ):桑色素=1:1,条件稳定常数1gμ=5.0。电极反应为吸附络合物中Bi(Ⅱ)还原为Bi(Hg)。测得电极反应转移系数α=0.42,表面电化学反应的标准速率常数k_s=12.7s~(-1)。     

Coriatone and corianlactone, two novel sesquiterpenes from Coriaria nepalensis

Both coriatone (1). a novel highly oxygenated picrotoxane-type sesquiterpene, and corianlactone (2). with an unprecedented sesquiterpene basic skeleton, named coriane, were isolated from Coriaria nepalensis Wall. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by analysis of their two-dimensional NMR data, and the structure of 2 was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 showed no remarkable inhibitory activity toward K(562) cells. They are cytotoxic with IC(50) > 50 microg/mL (cis-platinim: IC(50) = 0.49 microg/mL).     

Liposome induced self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into hollow spheres

Gold nanoparticles were prepared by the reduction of [(C7H15)4N]+ [AuCl4]- with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as reductant in toluene solution. The employed stabilizers include 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid (TDPA), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT), (+/-)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA). The reaction processes were tracked by UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy, and the as-prepared gold nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. When TDPA and MUA, which possess both -S- and -COOH groups, were used as the stabilizer in the preparation, the as-prepared nanoparticles could self-assemble into hollow spheres. While when DDT with a -SH group or CSA with a -SO3H group was used as the protecting agents, only discrete gold nanoparticles were observed. The results show that the groups of both -S- and -COOH in the stabilizer play an important role in forming the hollow nanospheres. It is proposed that the formation mechanism of the hollow spheres is a liposome that formed between -COO- and [(C7H15)4 N]+ could act as a template to induce the self-assembly of the gold nanoparticles into the hollow spheres.     

Inorganic electrides

Inorganic electrides are a novel kind of ionic compounds in which the anions are electrons confined in a complex array of cavities or channels and the cations are nanoscale arrays of alkali metal ions that provide charge balance. In electrides the donated electron behaves like a low-density correlated electron gas, whereby the dimensionality of the electron gas and its electronic and magnetic properties are determined by the topology of the cavities in the host matrix. Unlike traditional electrides, in which alkali cations are encapsulated within an organic cage, inorganic electrides are thermally stable. The current inorganic electrides based on alkali metal loaded zeolites can be designed as useful reduced-dimensionality materials. Inorganic electrides are powerful reducing agents, and they are able to reduce small aromatic molecules to the radical anions within the channels of the zeolite.     

SciFinder-guided rational design of fluorescent carbon dots for ratiometric monitoring intracellular pH fluctuations under heat shock

Intracellular pH plays a significant role in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, enzyme activity and homeostasis. In this work, a novel design strategy for the preparation of pH responsive carbon dots (CDs-pH) for ratiometric intracellular imaging was reported. By using SciFinder database, fluorescent CDs-pH with the required pK_a value of 6.84 were rationally designed, which is vital important for precise sensing of intracellular pH. As a result, the synthesized CDs-pH demonstrated robust ability to test pH fluctuations within the physiological range of 5.4-7.4. The CDs-pH was further utilized for fluorescent ratiometric imaging of pH in living HeLa cells, effectively avoided the influence of autofluorescence from native cellular species. Moreover, real-time monitoring of intracellular pH fluctuation under heat shock was successfully realized. This SciFinder-guided design strategy is simple and flexible, which has a great potential to be used for the development of other types of CDs for various applications.     

金霉素的化学发光分析法研究

在碱性介质中，铜氨络离子去催化过氧化氢与金霉素的化学发光反应，表面活性剂 溴化十六烷基三甲基铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）对该反应具有增敏作用．化学发光强度与金霉素的含量在 ４．０×１０－８～４．０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈线性关系；７次平行测定的相对标准偏差为１．７％～ ４．１％；标准加入回收率为９８．８％～１０１．ｌ％．应用于尿液中金霉素的测定，结果满意．