Reciprocal supply chain with intention

The traditional hypothesis of “rationality” is far from perfect. Models of fairness solely based on consequence cannot explain why the same consequence of an action is perceived and reciprocated differently. A reciprocity model which accounts for both consequence and its underlying intention is presented in this paper to illustrate the effect of intention in a traditional dyadic channel where one supplier plays a Stackelberg-like game with one retailer. This research aims to investigate how reciprocity may affect the members’ decisions and the channel’s coordination. In this study, two scenarios are discussed: (1) the retailer has a preference for reciprocity while the supplier does not and (2) both the retailer and the supplier have a preference for reciprocity. Results for acrimonious supply chain (γμ>1$\gamma \mu >1$) and harmonious supply chain (γμ?1$\gamma \mu ?1$) are analyzed. Furthermore, we derive equilibria under the two scenarios and prove the existence and the uniqueness of the equilibria. The results show that intention plays an important role in decision making of the supply chain and will significantly change the equilibria. Moreover, an acrimonious supply chain can be coordinated with a simple wholesale-price contract under certain conditions, which can never happen in a traditional channel. A harmonious supply chain, however, cannot be coordinated in any way.     

Solving the logit-based stochastic user equilibrium problem with elastic demand based on the extended traffic network model

This paper proposes a novel extended traffic network model to solve the logit-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) problem with elastic demand. In this model, an extended traffic network is established by properly adding dummy nodes and links to the original traffic network. Based on the extended traffic network, the logit-based SUE problem with elastic demand is transformed to the SUE problem with fixed demand. Such problem is then further converted to a linearly constrained convex programming and addressed by a predictor–corrector interior point algorithm with polynomial complexity. A numerical example is provided to compare the proposed model with the method of successive averages (MSA). The numerical results indicate that the proposed model is more efficient and has a better convergence than the MSA.     

Congruences of multipartition functions modulo powers of primes

Let p _r (n) denote the number of r-component multipartitions of n, and let S _γ,λ be the space spanned by η(24z) ^γ ?(24z), where η(z) is the Dedekind’s eta function and ?(z) is a holomorphic modular form in \(M_{\lambda}(\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z}))\) . In this paper, we show that the generating function of \(p_{r}(\frac{m^{k} n +r}{24})\) with respect to n is congruent to a function in the space S _γ,λ modulo m ^k . As special cases, this relation leads to many well known congruences including the Ramanujan congruences of p(n) modulo 5,7,11 and Gandhi’s congruences of p ₂(n) modulo 5 and p ₈(n) modulo 11. Furthermore, using the invariance property of S _γ,λ under the Hecke operator \(T_{\ell^{2}}\) , we obtain two classes of congruences pertaining to the m ^k -adic property of p _r (n).     

Orlicz mixed quermassintegrals

The notion of mixed quermassintegrals in the classical Brunn-Minkowski theory is extended to that of Orlicz mixed quermassintegrals in the Orlicz Brunn-Minkowski theory. The analogs of the classical Cauchy-Kubota formula, the Minkowski isoperimetric inequality and the Brunn-Minkowski inequality are established for this new Orlicz mixed quermassintegrals.     

Ground states for asymptotically periodic Schrödinger-Poisson systems with critical growth

For a class of asymptotically periodic Schrödinger-Poisson systems with critical growth, the existence of ground states is established. The proof is based on the method of Nehari manifold and concentration compactness principle.     

嫦娥三号软着陆轨道设计与控制策略的优化模型

针对嫦娥三号软着陆轨道设计与控制策略问题,在合理假设的前提下,建立动力学模型,求解得到了嫦娥三号着陆准备轨道近月点和远月点的速度。针对软着陆过程的6个阶段,通过受力分析,建立了嫦娥三号运动的微分方程模型,以燃料消耗最小为优化目标,以每个阶段的起止状态为约束条件,将软着陆轨道的优化设计问题转化为主发动机推力的泛函极值问题,并将其控制函数转化为近似的多项式函数优化问题。运用四阶Runge-Kutta差分迭代方法进行求解计算,从而得到各个阶段的最优控制函数和控制策略。结果表明,嫦娥三号软着陆过程耗时695s,消耗燃料1 269.1kg。     

Orlicz–John ellipsoids

The Orlicz–John ellipsoids, which are in the framework of the booming Orlicz Brunn–Minkowski theory, are introduced for the first time. It turns out that they are generalizations of the classical John ellipsoid and the evolved _Lp$L_p$ John ellipsoids. The analog of Ball's volume-ratio inequality is established for the new Orlicz–John ellipsoids. The connection between the isotropy of measures and the characterization of Orlicz–John ellipsoids is demonstrated.     

Minimum vertex cover in ball graphs through local search

Using local search method, this paper provides a polynomial time approximation scheme for the minimum vertex cover problem on \(d\) -dimensional ball graphs where \(d \ge 3\) . The key to the proof is a new separator theorem for ball graphs in higher dimensional space.     

The Closed Subsemigroups of a Clifford Semigroup

In this paper we study the closed subsemigroups of a Clifford semigroup. It is shown that {∪α∈Y′ Gα | Y′∈ P(Y) } is the set of all closed subsemigroups of a Clifford semigroup S = [Y; Gα; ?α, β], where Y′denotes the subsemilattice of Y generated by Y′. In particular, G is the only closed subsemigroup of itself for a group G and each one of subsemilattices of a semilattice is closed. Also, it is shown that the semiring P(S) is isomorphic to the semiring P(Y) for a Clifford semigroup S = [Y; Gα; ?α, β].     

Codimension Two PL Embeddings of Spheres with Nonstandard Regular Neighborhoods

For a given polyhedron K(?)M,the notation RM(K)denotes a regular neigh- borhood of K in M.The authors study the following problem:find all pairs(m,k) such that if K is a compact k-polyhedron and M a PL m-manifold,then R_M(f(K))≌R_M(g(K))for each two homotopic PL embeddings f,g:K→M.It is proved that R_S~(k 2)(S~k)(?)S~k×D~2 for each k(?)2 and some PL sphere S~k(?)S~(k 2)(even for any PL sphere S~k(?)S~(K 2)having an isolated non-locally flat point with the singularity S~(k-1)(?) S~(k 1)such thatπ_1(S~(k 1)-S~(k-1))(?)Z).