Generalized Dice's coefficient‐based multi‐block principal component analysis with Bayesian inference for plant‐wide process monitoring

Plant‐wide process monitoring is challenging because of the complex relationships among numerous variables in modern industrial processes. The multi‐block process monitoring method is an efficient approach applied to plant‐wide processes. However, dividing the original space into subspaces remains an open issue. The loading matrix generated by principal component analysis (PCA) describes the correlation between original variables and extracted components and reveals the internal relations within the plant‐wide process. Thus, a multi‐block PCA method that constructs principal component (PC) sub‐blocks according to the generalized Dice coefficient of the loading matrix is proposed. The PCs corresponding to similar loading vectors are divided within the same sub‐block. Thus, the PCs in the same sub‐block share similar variational behavior for certain faults. This behavior improves the sensitivity of process monitoring in the sub‐block. A monitoring statistic T² corresponding to each sub‐block is produced and is integrated into the final probability index based on Bayesian inference. A corresponding contribution plot is also developed to identify the root cause. The superiority of the proposed method is demonstrated by two case studies: a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman benchmark. Comparisons with other PCA‐based methods are also provided. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

镍铁氧体/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其对染料废水的吸附性能

用浸渍法制备了镍铁氧体/碳纳米管(NF/MWNTs)复合材料。用XRD、SEM、TEM、VSM、UV-Vis等表征了样品的组成、结构、形貌、磁性能和吸附性能。结果表明,制备的NF/MWNTs复合材料保留了碳纳米管优良的吸附性能,且具有良好的镍铁氧体负载率和优异的磁性能。质量比(mNF/mMWNTs)为1的NF/MWNTs复合材料对亚甲基蓝溶液的最大吸附容量为18.87 mg·g-1,其吸附行为符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型。NF/MWNTs复合材料对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色率与溶液温度和pH值呈正相关性。此外,NF/MWNTs复合材料回收容易,活化处理简便,可重复使用。     

Immobilized Laccase on Activated Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Microspheres For Enzyme Thermistor Application

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microspheres were prepared by inverse suspension crosslinked method, with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. PVA microspheres activated with aldehyde groups were employed for Trametes versicolor laccase immobilization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the activated PVA microspheres and PVA microspheres with immobilized laccase (Lac/PVA microspheres), which show that laccase was successfully immobilized on the PVA microspheres. The optimum pH and temperature coupling conditions for the immobilized laccase were determined to be 3.3 and 30 °C, respectively. Residual activity was also investigated by soaking the immobilized laccase in organic solvents at different concentrations, proving it chemically stable. Immobilized laccase exhibited good storage stability at 4 °C. The enzyme biosensor showed good performance in 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate) and bisphenol A, with concentration ranges of 2 to 8 mM and 0.05 to 0.25 mM, respectively. Therefore, PVA microspheres may have high potential as support for enzyme thermistor applications.     

Nd3+-Sensitized Upconversion Metal–Organic Frameworks for Mitochondria-Targeted Amplified Photodynamic Therapy

Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a mitochondria-specific, 808 nm NIR light-activated photodynamic therapy (PDT) system based on the combination of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and upconversion photochemistry with an organelle-targeting strategy. The system was synthesized through the growth of a porphyrinic MOF on Nd³⁺-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles to achieve Janus nanostructures with further asymmetric functionalization of the surface of the MOF domain. The PDT nanoplatform allows for photosensitizing with 808 nm NIR light, which could effectively avoid the laser-irradiation-induced overheating effect. Furthermore, mitochondria-targeting could amplify PDT efficacy through the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and the initiation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This work sheds light on the hybrid engineering of MOFs to combat their current limitations for PDT.     

Bioimaging mass spectrometry of trace elements – recent advance and applications of LA-ICP-MS: A review

Bioimaging using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) offers the capability to quantify trace elements and isotopes within tissue sections with a spatial resolution ranging about 10–100 μm. Distribution analysis adds to clarifying basic questions of biomedical research and enables bioaccumulation and bioavailability studies for ecological and toxicological risk assessment in humans, animals and plants. Major application fields of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and metallomics have been in brain and cancer research, animal model validation, drug development and plant science. Here we give an overview of latest achievements in methods and applications. Recent improvements in ablation systems, operation and cell design enabled progressively better spatial resolutions down to 1 μm. Meanwhile, a body of research has accumulated covering basic principles of the element architecture in animals and plants that could consistently be reproduced by several laboratories such as the distribution of Fe, Cu, Zn in rodent brain. Several studies investigated the distribution and delivery of metallo-drugs in animals. Hyper-accumulating plants and pollution indicator organisms have been the key topics in environmental science. Increasingly, larger series of samples are analyzed, may it be in the frame of comparisons between intervention and control groups, of time kinetics or of three-dimensional atlas approaches.     

带有未知参数的多智能体系统的自适应分布控制

讨论带有未知参数的多智能体系统的一致性问题.假设网络拓扑中领航者是全局可达的,设计带有未知时滞的自适应分布控制,基于Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,得到关于线性矩阵不等式的一致性的充分性条件.该条件保证所有跟随者跟踪领航者的状态,实现状态和参数的一致性.最后仿真算例验证方法的有效性.     

Reaction of Methylenecyclobutanes with NXS-H2O System

Reactions of methylenecyclobutanes (MCBs) with NXS-H₂O system were investigated. The results were quite different from that of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs), and an interesting aryl-transfer reaction happened to give substituted cyclobutyl ketones as products when disubstituted MCBs were employed. When monosubstituted MCBs were employed, the direct halohydroxylation gave the cyclobutyl ring untouched adducts. All of these analogs have potential application value in organic synthesis.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® to view the free supplemental file.      

镍铁氧体/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其对染料废水的吸附性能

用浸渍法制备了镍铁氧体/碳纳米管(NF/MWNTs)复合材料。用XRD、SEM、TEM、VSM、UV-Vis等表征了样品的组成、结构、形貌、磁性能和吸附性能。结果表明,制备的NF/MWNTs复合材料保留了碳纳米管优良的吸附性能,且具有良好的镍铁氧体负载率和优异的磁性能。质量比(mNF/mMWNTs)为1的NF/MWNTs复合物对亚甲基蓝溶液的最大吸附容量为18.87mg·g^-1,其吸附行为符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型。NF/MWNTs复合材料对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色率与溶液温度和pH值呈正相关性。此外,NF/MWNTs复合材料回收容易,活化处理简便,可重复使用。     

Subsolidus phase diagram of the binary system (n-C n H2n+1NH3)2CoCl4

The perovskite-type layered compounds decylammonium tetrachlorocobaltate (n-C₁₀H₂₁NH₃)₂CoCl₄ and dodecylammonium tetrachlorocobaltate (n-C₁₂H₂₅NH₃)₂CoCl₄ exist the solid–solid phase transition in the temperatures range 330–380 K. These laminar materials contain bilayers sandwiched between metal halide layers. The experimental subsolidus binary phase diagram of (n-C₁₀H₂₁NH₃)₂CoCl₄–(n-C₁₂H₂₅NH₃)₂CoCl₄ has been established over the whole composition range by differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. In the phase diagram, one intermediate compound (n-C₁₀H₂₁NH₃) (n-C₁₂H₂₅NH₃)CoCl₄ at $ W_{{{\text{C}}_{ 1 0} {\text{Co}}}} \% = 50. 9 2 $ and two eutectoid invariants points at $ W_{{{\text{C}}_{ 10} {\text{Co}}}} \% = 2 9. 8 3 $ and $ W_{{{\text{C}}_{ 10} {\text{Co}}}} \% = 7 7. 9 8 $ were observed, two eutectoids temperatures are about 343 ± 1 and 340 ± 1 K. There are three noticeable solid solution ranges (α, β, γ) at the left and right boundary and middle of the phase diagram.