用软刻蚀方法制备PbS纳米晶复合聚丙烯酸微图形

利用软刻蚀方法制备了包裹有硫化铅纳米颗粒的聚丙烯酸微图形 .首先通过毛细微模塑法制备了丙烯酸铅的微条纹 ,并使之在γ射线引发下固态聚合 ,最后用硫化钠溶液处理聚合物微条纹 ,将铅离子转化为包埋在聚合物体系中的硫化铅颗粒 ,得到了包裹有硫化铅纳米颗粒的高清晰度的聚丙烯酸微图形 .利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪 (XPS)、透射电镜 (TEM)对其结构和性质进行了表征 .结果表明包埋在聚合物体系中的PbS颗粒直径小于 2 0nm .     

LNG球形贮罐绝热计算

分析了贮罐绝热体的传热规律,并建立了模型。通过近似理论计算得到了通过绝热体的传热量;利用计算软件对绝热体内传热过程进行了有限元计算,获得了通过贮罐绝热体的传热量以及绝热体内温度场的分布。以传热量为基准,将近似理论计算与有限元计算结果进行比较,表明有限元计算结果更为准确。     

Experimental Diagnosis on Combustion Characteristic of Shock Wave Focusing Initiation Engine

A shock wave focusing initiation engine was assembled and tested in an experimental program. The effective pyrolysis rate of the pre-combustor was evaluated over a range of supplementary fuel ratio in this paper. Results highlight two operational modes of the resonant cavity: (1) pulsating combustion mode, (2) stable combustion mode. The appearance of the two combustion modes is jointly affected by the flow and the structural characteristic value of the combustion chamber. This paper uses images, time-frequency analysis, and nonlinear time series analysis methods to identify and distinguish these two combustion modes. It is believed that the interaction between the combustion chamber and the supply plenum is the probable reason for different combustion modes. The experiment has found that structural parameters and import flow parameters have an impact on the initiation of the combustion chamber. Increasing the injection pressure can appropriately broaden the fuel-rich boundary of initiation. Low equivalence ratio and high injection pressure can also appropriately increase the combustion working frequency in a small range. From the perspective of pressure utilization, under the premise of ensuring successful initiation, injection pressure should not be too high.     

Tripeptide Leu-Ser-Trp Regulates the Vascular Endothelial Cells Phenotype Switching by Mediating the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Packaging of miR-145

Tripeptide LSW, initially identified as a potent ACE inhibitory peptide from soybean protein, was recently reported to exert a protective effect against angiotensin II-induced endothelial dysfunction via extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the molecular mechanisms, especially in lipid accumulation-induced atherosclerosis, still remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate whether the protective effects of LSW against endothelial dysfunction on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) was via vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)-derived miRNA-145 packaged in EVs. The miRNA-145 was concentrated in EVs from LSW-treated VSMCs (LEVs), internalized into the HVUECs, and targeted the programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) expression of HUVECs. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was applied to induce endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs; oxLDL-induced endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs was attenuated by PDCD4 knockout or LEVs incubation. The results of this study suggested a novel function of LSW as a regulator on the functional EVs from vascular cells in the oxLDL-induced atherosclerotic model.     

Screening of Codonopsis radix Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights and Evaluation of Their Immunomodulatory Activity In Vitro and In Vivo

Polysaccharide is one of the main components of Codonopsis radix (CR) and has good immune activity. However, the immune activity of CR polysaccharides with different molecular weights has not been systematically screened. In this study, the polysaccharides of CR from Pingshun of Shanxi Province (PSDSs) were first divided into two groups using ultrafiltration: 3.3 kDa (PSDSs-1) and more than 2000 kDa (PSDSs-2). The immunomodulatory effects of PSDSs with different molecular weights were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experimental results showed that compared with Lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages, PSDSs-1 increased TNF-α and IL-6 levels and decreased IL-10. Meanwhile, PSDSs-2 showed the opposite effect, indicating the difference in pro- and anti-inflammatory activities of PSDSs with different molecular weights. The immunosuppressive model of cyclophosphamide proved that PSDSs have immune-promoting function, with PSDSs-1 exhibiting a better effect than PSDSs-2. In vitro and in vivo experiments illustrated the complexity of PSDS immunomodulation. Further research on the functions of PSDs with different molecular weights is needed to lay a foundation for their classification and application.     

Amorphous/2H-MoS2 nanoflowers with P doping and S vacancies to achieve efficient pH-universal hydrogen evolution at high current density

Science China Chemistry - Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has become a competitive candidate for efficient and economical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Compared with 1T-MoS2, 2H-MoS2 possesses...     

Li-Ga液态金属电池界面反应过程的原位检测

采用A型扫描超声脉冲反射技术, 对40 ℃ Li-Ga液态金属电池放电过程进行实时原位检测. 通过辨识正极界面超声信号指纹区, 发现正极界面的回波声压随液态金属电池放电容量的增加而增大, 表明放电产物Li₂Ga₇的声阻抗大于液态金属Ga; 当放电产物Li₂Ga₇完全覆盖正极表面时, 正极界面的回波声压较初始状态增大约45%； 归纳了不同放电阶段超声回波声压随放电容量的变化规律, 提供了判断电池状态的依据. 采用全聚焦相控阵超声三维成像技术, 对放电产物Li₂Ga₇在正极界面的形成过程进行可视化分析, 发现放电产物优先在正极界面中心区形成并聚集, 与放电1.4 mA·h的光学成像结果吻合, 揭示了Li-Ga液态金属电池放电过程中正极界面的传质特性. 总结归纳了超声回波信号与电池放电容量间的耦合关系, 建立了定量分析的工作曲线, 发展了一种液态金属电池正极界面过程原位无损检测的新方法.     

Evaluation of electrical characteristics of biological tissue with electrical impedance spectroscopy

The electrical characteristics of biological tissue is evaluated by establishing an electrical equivalent circuit with electrical impedance spectroscopy. The least squares method is used to realize electrical equivalent circuit fitting by using the developed portable electrical impedance spectroscopy system. The EIS system is used to obtain the impedance spectrum data of the measured biological tissue. In the experiment, the impedance spectrum data of eggs under different heating time were measured, and the established equivalent circuit model of eggs was fitted by nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of the biological tissue are also revealed by numerical simulation with HANAI model. The experimental and simulation results show that the extracted equivalent electrical parameters can clearly characterize the variation of the internal change of components of biological tissues.     

Self-Supported ZIF-Derived Co3O4 Nanoparticles-Decorated Porous N-Doped Carbon Fibers as Oxygen Reduction Catalyst

Oxygen reduction is a significant cathodic reaction in the state-of-art clean energy devices such as fuel cell and metal–oxygen battery. Here, ZIF-incorporated hybrid polymeric fibres have been fabricated by using a dual-phase electrospinning method. These are then transformed into Co₃O₄-nanoparticle-decorated porous N-doped carbon fibres (ZIF-Co₃O₄/NCF) through multi-step annealing treatment. The resultant ZIF-Co₃O₄/NCF is interweaved into a self-supported film and can be used as a bi-functional catalyst for catalysing oxygen reduction in both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that ZIF-Co₃O₄/NCF displays a high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction with a half-wave potential (E_1/2) of 0.813 V (vs. RHE) and an almost favourable four-electron reduction pathway in alkaline medium. ZIF-Co₃O₄/NCF catalyst only shows 4 mV negative shift of E_1/2 after 5000 continuous CV cycles. In addition, the ZIF-Co₃O₄/NCF can be applied as the cathode catalyst of non-aqueous Li–O₂ battery, exhibiting a remarkable ORR activity in LiPF₆ contained 1,2-dimethoxyethane electrolyte. The excellent electrocatalytic performance of ZIF-Co₃O₄/NCF is probably due to the abundance of active sites of graphitic carbon-wrapped Co₃O₄ nanoparticles, as well as the cross-linked fibrous nitrogen-doped carbon texture.     

Stability optimization of channel-interleaved photonic analog-to-digital converter by extracting of dual-output photonic demultiplexing

We investigate a channel-interleaved photonic analog-to-digital conversion(PADC)system’s ability to work stably over a long duration with an optimal driving voltage.The influence of optimum bias point drift of a Mach–Zehnder modulator(MZM)-based photonic switch on this system was analyzed theoretically and experimentally.The feasibility of extracting feedback signals from the PADC system was derived.A high-stability channel-interleaved PADC was constructed by extracting a feedback signal from a parallel demultiplexing module to control the MZM-based photonic switch’s driving voltage.Consequently,the amplitude mismatch between the channels was limited to within 0.3 d B over 12 hours of operation.