等截面梁有限变形的传递函数增量算法

本文介绍了一种计算等截面梁有限变形的新方法－传递函数增量算法，它是一种半解析数值计算方法。此算法充分利用增量失空法Ｇａｕｓｓ求积公式计算非线性有限变形的特点，并将这些特点与传递函数方法，有效地结合起来，既避免了数值方法计算量大的困难，又使得求解高阶非线性微分方程的解析解成为可能，算例分析表明，这是一种易编程，计算量小，收敛快，求解精度高的行之有效的计算方法。     

High-internal-phase-emulsion polymeric monolith coupled with liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for enrichment and sensitive detection of trace cytokinins in plant samples

High-internal-phase-emulsion polymers (polyHIPEs) show great promise as solid-phase-extraction (SPE) materials because of the tremendous porosity and highly interconnected framework afforded by the high-internal-phase-emulsion (HIPE) technique. In this work, polyHIPE monolithic columns as novel SPE materials were prepared and applied to trace enrichment of cytokinins (CKs) from complex plant samples. The polyHIPE monoliths were synthesized via the in-situ polymerization of the continuous phase of a HIPE containing styrene (STY) and divinylbenzene (DVB) in a stainless column, and revealed highly efficient and selective enrichment ability for aromatic compounds. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a method using a monolithic polyHIPE column combined with liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) was developed for the simultaneous extraction and sensitive determination of trans-zeatin (tZ), meta-topolin (mT), kinetin (K), and kinetin riboside (KR). The proposed method had good linearity, with correlation coefficients (R ²) from 0.9957 to 0.9984, and low detection limits (LODs, S/N?=?3) in the range 2.4–47 pg mL^?1 for the four CKs. The method was successfully applied to the determination of CKs in real plant samples, and obtained good recoveries ranging from 68.8 % to 103.0 % and relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 16 %.     

Unexpectedly Simple Synthesis of Benzazoles by tBuONa‐Catalyzed Direct Aerobic Oxidative Cyclocondensation of o‐Thio/Hydroxy/Aminoanilines with Alcohols under Air

tBuONa‐catalyzed direct aerobic oxidative cyclocondensation reactions of readily available alcohols and o‐thio/hydroxy/aminoanilines under air have been developed and provide an efficient, practical, and green method for the synthesis of benzazoles. Mechanistic studies revealed that o‐substituted anilines promote the initial aerobic alcohol‐oxidation step, which explains the high reactivity and success of this unexpectedly simple and practical cyclocondensation method.     

尖头弹丸撞击下金属靶板弹道极限的两种工程模型

研究了圆锥形头和卵形头刚性弹垂直撞击塑性金属靶板扩孔冲塞型和延性扩孔型穿孔模式,考虑靶板背面自由边界的影响,提出两种两阶段工程分析模型,得到最小穿透能量的解析解。由球形空腔膨胀理论和两阶段总耗能最小确定第一阶段的侵彻深度,由功能原理和圆柱形空腔膨胀理论计算第一阶段侵彻扩孔耗能,延性扩孔型第二阶段耗能近似按Taylor扩孔理论计算,扩孔冲塞型第二阶段耗能考虑了加速塞块和剪断塞块所损耗的能量。与铝合金和装甲钢靶板弹道试验数据比较表明,本文两阶段模型的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Numerical simulation on compressible turbulence by spectral method

The numerical and physical issues of simulations on compressible turbulence are reviewed in the present paper. An outline of the global spectral methods and the progress of recent local spectral methods are illustrated. Several typical subjects in this field are studied, including homogeneous isotropic turbulence, autoignition in premixed turbulence, interaction between flames and turbulence, and shock wave in turbulence. The results of the numerical simulations are discussed, enabling us to discover and to understand the physical phenomena which have not been solved by experiments.     

充液系统液体-多体耦合动力响应分析

提出了充液系统的液体-多体耦合力学模型，基于ALE有限元法和多体系统动力学理论，发展了液体-多体耦合动力响应分析的一种有效方法. 对于液体子系统，将其运动分解为随同贮箱的大位移运动和相对贮箱的大幅晃动，引入贮箱固连参考系中的任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)运动学描述，建立了贮箱固连非惯性参考系中液体的ALE有限元方程，对液体有限元方程的缩聚大大减少了液体子系统的计算规模. 为了计及液体阻尼的影响，引入了液体修正的Rayleigh阻尼，避免了伪阻尼力的出现. 对于多体子系统，应用多体系统动力学理论建立动力学方程. 在此基础上详细导出了液体-多体耦合动力学方程，并采用预估-多重校正算法(PMA)和时间步长控制算法进行迭代求解，既保证了迭代收敛，又提高了计算效率. 所给算例成功求解了液体运输车辆系统的液体-多体耦合动力响应，深入分析了有关参数对系统动力响应的影响，获得了一些结论.     

A novel dendritic surfactant for enhanced microcystin-LR detection by double amplification in a quartz crystal microbalance biosensor

Enhanced sensitivity for the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was achieved in a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) system via double amplification. For primary amplification, an innovative interface on the QCM was obtained as a matrix by the vesicle layer formed by our synthetic dendritic surfactant, bis (amidoethyl-carbamoylethyl) octadecylamine (C18N3). The vesicle matrix was then functionalised by an optimised concentration of monoclonal antibodies against MC-LR (anti-MC-LR) to detect the analyte. The results showed that a detection limit of 100 ng/mL was achieved by primary amplification. To achieve higher sensitivity, secondary amplification was implemented with anti-MC-LR gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) conjugates as probes, which lowered the detection limit for MC-LR to 1 ng/mL (the maximum concentration recommended by the World Health Organization [WHO] in drinking water for humans). The QCM immunosensor reported here has advantages such as high sensitivity, portability, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness for MC-LR detection. It would be uniquely superior compared with current MC-LR detection techniques for on-the-spot water detection. Furthermore, the methodology described here is also potentially significant in many fields for the routine monitoring of environmental and food safety.     

Bulk heterojunction solar cells using thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole copolymer with a power conversion efficiency of 7.3%

A new alternating copolymer of dithienosilole and thienopyrrole-4,6-dione (PDTSTPD) possesses both a low optical bandgap (1.73 eV) and a deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (5.57 eV). The introduction of branched alkyl chains to the dithienosilole unit was found to be critical for the improvement of the polymer solubility. When blended with PC(71)BM, PDTSTPD exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 7.3% on the photovoltaic devices with an active area of 1 cm(2).     

Aggregation-induced emission of tetraphenylethene derivative as a fluorescence method for probing the assembling/disassembling of amphiphilic molecules

The aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of a 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-di(p-tolyl)ethene (TPE) was explored as a novel fluorescence method for probing the assembling/disassembling of amphiphilic molecules. The fluorescence intensity was able to monitor the formation of micelles and determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants. The temperature-dependent micellization of the pharmaceutically important PEO-PPO-PEO copolymer, Pluronic F127, was further studied by using the TPE fluorescence spectrum intensity. Our results showed good agreement with those reported in the literature by using other methods. The special advantage of the AIE probe method was further explored to determine the assembling/disassembling process of the colored amphiphilic molecule, 1-[4-(3-phenylazophenoxy)butyl]triethylamine bromide (AzoC4), whose CMC value has not previously been described. Since the TPE fluorescence signal mainly comes from the aqueous phase, not from the inside of hydrophobic core, it provides a possible platform to study the CMC of those colored surfactants. Based on the novel fluorescence properties of TPE in the aggregated and dispersed states, one can conclude that the TPE method is a promising method for the determination of the CMC and critical micellization temperature (CMT), particularly having a special advantage to determine the assembling/disassembling process of colored amphiphilic molecules.