Variation in chemical,colloidal and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotubes with the degree of carboxylation

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were carboxylated via microwave irradiation where the treatment time was varied to alter the degree of functionalization, and as many as one in 15 carbons in the CNT could be oxidized. Chemical, physical, electrochemical, and colloidal behavior of the carboxylated CNTs was studied. All properties changed with the degree of functionalization to a point beyond which they appeared to remain constant. The surface area increased from 173.9 to 270.9 m²/g while the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values increased from 142.14 to 168.69 mM in the presence of NaCl, and the corresponding increase was from 0.97 to 5.32 mM in the presence of MgCl₂. As seen from cyclic voltammetry curves, the functionalized CNTs showed mainly non-Faradic interactions with Na₂SO_4, but showed Faradic behaviors in alkaline KOH.     

机载腔增强吸收光谱系统应用于大气NO_2空间高时间分辨率测量

介绍了一套用于机载平台测量的非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱(IBBCEAS)系统,并应用于实际大气NO_2空间分布的高时间分辨率观测.为满足机载测量中对时间分辨率的需求,系统采用离轴抛物面镜代替消色差透镜提高光学耦合效率;并运用Allan方差,对系统性能进行了分析.通过腔增强吸收光谱系统与长光程吸收光谱系统对实际大气NO_2的对比测试,两者线性相关系数R~2达到0.86.将IBBCEAS系统应用于机载平台,在时间分辨率为2 s的情况下,探测限达到95 ppt(1σ).通过机载观测,获得了华北地区石家庄等地上空对流层大气NO_2的廓线信息.     

非线性两模玻色子系统的Majorana表象

利用Majorana表象,从平均场模型和二次量子化模型两方面研究了非线性双模玻色子系统的动力学问题.得到了Majorana点在球面上的运动方程,分析了平均场模型和二次量子化模型之间的区别及其在Majorana点运动方程中的体现.研究了二次量子化模型中量子态在少体和多体情况下的动力学演化及其与平均场量子态的区别和联系.以平均场模型和二次量子化模型量子态之间的保真度和Majorana点之间的关联为手段,讨论了在不同玻色子间相互作用强度、不同玻色子数下量子态的演化及相应的自囚禁效应.     

可见-近红外光谱分析技术对鱼油掺假定量快速无损检测方法研究

对掺入不同含量大豆油和菜籽油的鱼油进行鱼油掺假含量的可见-近红外光谱(Vis-NIR)研究。向3个不同品牌鱼油中分别掺入不同比例的大豆油,另外3个不同品牌中分别掺入不同比例的菜籽油,共获得300个样本。对所采集样本的光谱数据分别采用原始光谱,以及平滑,变量标准化(SNV),多元散射校正(MSC),一阶求导和二阶求导等预处理算法进行处理后,建立偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型。基于全波段光谱的鱼油中大豆油和菜籽油掺假含量预测的最优模型分别为全波段PLSR模型和MSC-PLSR模型,其预测相关系数(R_p)分别达到0.938 6和0.959 3。进一步采用连续投影算法(SPA)分析鱼油中大豆油和菜籽油掺假样品的光谱,并分别获得了11个和15个光谱特征波长变量。基于特征变量的PLSR模型的R_p分别为0.941 2和0.932 6。试验研究表明, 可以采用Vis-NIR技术实现对鱼油掺假物含量的检测。     

束流发射度对太赫兹微电真空折叠波导行波管性能的影响

采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,分别对140,220和345 GHz折叠波导行波管中的束流发射度的影响因素及其对直流导通率的影响进行了分析,总结了发射度随频率、结构参数和电子束参数的变化规律。研究发现,在太赫兹频段束流发射度直接决定着聚焦磁场的选取设计, 是表征太赫兹频段束流品质的一个重要参量。     

锑掺杂氧化锡粉体的太赫兹透射特性

以SnCl45H2O和SbCl3为原料,采用液相化学共沉淀法制备锑掺杂氧化锡（ATO）粉体。分析了不同Sb掺杂质量分数条件下,ATO粉体的禁带宽度变化,并对材料在0.2~1.6 THz波段的透射时域和频域谱,以及吸收和屏蔽参数进行了对比分析。结果表明,ATO粉体的禁带宽度随着Sb掺杂量的增加先减小后增大;同时,ATO粉体对THz波的吸收系数随着Sb掺杂量的增加先增大后减小,当Sb掺杂质量分数为9%时,ATO的吸收系数在1.25 THz处达到最大值156.5 cm-1,屏蔽效能在1.24~1.60 THz范围内最高达到45.0 dB。     

Pigment identification and decoration analysis of a 5th century Chinese lacquer painting screen: a micro‐Raman and FTIR study

To investigate the pigments and decoration applied to a wood‐based lacquer painting screen from the tomb of Si‐ma Jin‐long, Shanxi Province, central China, made by Chinese craftsmen in the 5th century, a combination of micro‐Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WDXRF), and microscopic examination was used. The obtained results are as follows: (1) the black, yellow, and red colors are identified as carbon black, orpiment and realgar, and cinnabar, respectively, by using micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The FTIR result shows that the white pigment filled in the leaves is not lead white, as assumed in the literature, but gypsum. Whether lead white was used at other locations remains unanswered and requires more samples for further work; (2) the thickness of each discernable pigment layer, as observed under the microscope, is approximately equal and the differences among them are small, suggesting a superfine painting skill; besides, a noticeable smooth interface between wood and the red grounding substance indicates that a polishing process might have been applied before the painting; (3) the red background was proved to contain cinnabar, but further FTIR analyses found no evidence for the presence of Chinese wood oil; and (4) the most interesting finding, rarely reported before, is that white grains of different sizes are found in both pigment layers and the grounding substance, which are perhaps an intentional addition. Further, in situ XRF and Raman analyses indicate that they are sourced from hydroxyapatite, coming probably from the intentional addition of animal bone ash to the lacquer. But how such a process could be finished and what purpose it served have not yet been answered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

随机Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统的随机混沌控制

讨论了具有有界随机参数的随机Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统的随机混沌现象，并利用噪声对其进行控制.首先运用Chebyshev多项式逼近的方法，将随机Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统转化为等价的确定性系统，使原系统的随机混沌控制问题转换为等价的确定性系统的确定性混沌控制问题，继而可用Lyapunov指数指标来研究等价确定性系统的确定性混沌现象和控制问题.数值结果表明，随机Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统的随机混沌现象与相应的确定性Bonhoeffer-Van der Pol系统极为相似.利用噪声控制法可将混沌控制到周期轨道，但是在随机参数及其强度的影响下也呈现出一些特点.     

Organic quantum well and superlattice characteristics in quasi-one-dimensional multiblock copolymers

A tight-binding calculation was presented to describe multiblock copolymers, such as [...-(PA)x-(PPP)y-...] composed of PA (polyacetylene) and PPP (poly(p-phenylene). It is found that a copolymer has a quantum well and superlattice characteristics, and evident is the effect of the composite lengths, the interfacial couplings and the electron-phonon interactions on the electronic properties of a copolymer. The quantum tunneling, the Franz-Keldysh effect and the quantum confinement can be generated under an applied electric field. These results were compared to those of traditional inorganic quantum well and superlattice systems.     

一种多波长OCDMA解码器方案及其性能分析

提出了一种多波长OCDMA（MW OCDMA）系统的光解码器方案,通过多个光硬限幅器来抑制多用户干扰.分析了使用该解码器的MW OCDMA误码率性能、频谱效率和归一化吞吐量性能.分析结果表明,该方案能有效改善MW OCDMA系统的误码率性能,在要求的误码率条件下增加同时用户数,从而能有效改善MW OCDMA系统的频谱效率.同时,采用光硬限幅器的MW OCDMA 系统的归一化吞吐量性能明显提高,特别是归一化吞吐量峰值提高了约一倍.