Mobile phase versus stationary phase approaches to the direct injection of biological fluids in liquid chromatography

The liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs in urine through direct injection without any sample pretreatment was extended to micellar chromatography with nonionic surfactants, the Pinkerton ISRP column and the shielded hydrophobic phase (Hisep) column. The feasibility of using each was demonstrated through the determination of the diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide, in urine. Good separation, recovery, precision and linearity, and adequate limits of detection were obtained for this analysis with all three techniques. The advantages and limitations of the mobile phase approach of micellar chromatography and the two stationary phase approaches are discussed for the direct injection of urine as well as other biological fluids.     

Conversion of single-stranded oligonucleotides into cloned duplexes and its consecutive application to short artificial genes.

A general method to convert single-stranded, chemically synthesized oligonucleotides into cloned duplexes is described. Oligonucleotides supplied with 3'-terminal extensions that are complementary to 3'-protruding ends obtained by certain restriction enzymes can be cloned either directly or with the help of an adapter molecule into double-stranded vectors. Two methods have also been developed for consecutive cloning applications. According to these methods, the synthetic oligonucleotides (and their enzymatically prepared complementary strands) are joined, one after the other, inside a cloning vector, each joining requiring one cloning step. Synthetic genes are thus built up from oligonucleotides corresponding to only one strand of the DNA. The sequential assembly of the cloned duplex takes place in the 5' to 3' direction. Each oligonucleotide is supplied with a four-nucleotide-long 3'-terminal extension, but this sequence is eliminated when the joining takes place, leaving no limiting sequence between the oligonucleotides. The two consecutive cloning methods, the adapter and the polycloning site methods, are illustrated by the assembly of short artificial genes.     

Fine-structure vibronic fluorescence spectra of meso-substituted porphyrins and their interpretation

Fine-structure fluorescence spectra have been recorded on selective laser excitation at 4.2 K for meso-tetraethylporphyrin (TEP), meso-tetrapropyl-porphyrin (TPP) and their derivatives with deuteriated NH groups. An interpretation of the spectra obtained is proposed on the basis of calculations of the normal vibrations of the molecules. It was noted that the interaction of the ethyl groups of TEP with the solvent leads to different orientations of these groups to the plane of the macrocycle, which leads to an increase in the number of lines in the frequency range 150–400 cm^–1 and to their broadening.Translated from Teoreticheskie i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 664–668, November–December, 1990.     

Transport properties of a side-chain liquid-crystalline polymer. Poly(4-acryloyloxy biphenyl)

The transport properties of a side-chain liquid-crystalline polymer forming a smectic A phase have been investigated using dichloromethane as a permeant. Samples differing in the isotropization enthaoly were analyzed. A. Correlation between this thermal parameter and sorption has been found, while the diffusion coefficient is substantially the same in all samples. The results obtained can be explained in terms of a biphasis model in which a disordered permeable phase is present within the liquid-crystalline phase, which is impermeable to the diffusant molecules.     

Nonlinear stability of incoherence and collective synchronization in a population of coupled oscillators

A mean-field model of nonlinearly coupled oscillators with randomly distributed frequencies and subject to independent external white noises is analyzed in the thermodynamic limit. When the frequency distribution isbimodal, new results include subcritical spontaneous stationary synchronization of the oscillators, supercritical time-periodic synchronization, bistability, and hysteretic phenomena. Bifurcating synchronized states are asymptotically constructed near bifurcation values of the coupling strength, and theirnonlinear stability properties ascertained.     

Measurements of the perpendicular width of ionization-produceddouble layers

Measurements of the perpendicular (to B) double-layer widths of ionization-produced (anode) double layers are presented. These widths were determined from measurements of the double-layer charge separations. The variations of the transverse-to-B widths with plasma density and magnetic field strength are given     

The Interference Slow Wave in a Poroacoustic Biot Layer

It is shown that in a poroacoustic Biot layer placed inside an elastic medium, for any parameters of the model an interference slow wave exists. For low frequencies, the wave has very weak attenuation and the polarization of it coincides with the direction of the layer. This is evidence for the possibility of mapping subtle collectors inside an elastic medium in crosshole measurements. Bibliography: 7 titles.     

The vertex-cover polynomial of a graph

In this paper we define the vertex-cover polynomial Ψ(G,τ) for a graph G. The coefficient of τ^r in this polynomial is the number of vertex covers V′ of G with |V′|=r. We develop a method to calculate Ψ(G,τ). Motivated by a problem in biological systematics, we also consider the mappings f from {1, 2,…,m} into the vertex set V(G) of a graph G, subject to f⁻¹(x)f⁻¹(y)≠ for every edge xy in G. Let F(G,m) be the number of such mappings f. We show that F(G,m) can be determined from Ψ(G,τ).     

A problem with free boundary for the Navier-Stokes equations. II

Institute of Mathematics and Cybernetics, Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Vilnius University. Translated from Litovskii Matematicheskii Sbornik (Lietuvos Matematikos Rinkinys), Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 337–350, April–June, 1991.