Competitive adsorption and desorption of a bi-solute mixture: effect of activated carbon type

This study aims to clarify the effects of carbon activation type and physical form on the extent of adsorption capacity and desorption capacity of a bi-solute mixture of phenol and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP). For this purpose, two different PACs; thermally activated Norit SA4 and chemically activated Norit CA1, and their granular countertypes with similar physical characteristics, thermally activated Norit PKDA and chemically activated Norit CAgran, were used. The thermally activated carbons were better adsorbers for phenol and 2-CP compared with chemically activated carbons, but adsorption was more reversible in the latter case. 2-CP was adsorbed preferentially by each type of activated carbon, but adsorption of phenol was strongly suppressed in the presence of 2-CP. The simplified ideal adsorbed solution (SIAS) model underestimated the 2-CP loadings and overestimated the phenol loadings. However, the improved and modified forms of the SIAS model could better predict the competitive adsorption. The type of carbon activation was decisive in the application of these models. For each activated carbon type, phenol was desorbed more readily in the bi-solute case, but desorption of 2-CP was less compared with single-solute. This was attributed to higher energies of 2-CP adsorption.     

The spin delocalization substituent parameter σ˙. 7. Meta-substituent effects on the cyclodimerization of trifluorostyrenes. A test for the σ˙JJ approach

Rate constants (k's) of the thermal cyclodimerization of ten meta-substituted trifluorostyrenes (m-Y-TFS's) have been measured in the temperature range 110–160°C. On the basis of these k's and the σ_mb values derived from ¹⁹F NMR data the spin-delocalization substituent constant σ^˙_m values of these ten meta-substituents have been calculated. The averaged σ^˙_m values are: m-Et, 0.09; m-t-Bu, 0.11; m-F, 0.03; m-Cl,?0.05; m-Br, 0.12: m-CF₃, ?0.07; m-OMe, 0.10; m-NO₂, ?0.002; m-CN, 0.11 and m-CO₂Me, 0.08. Both the smallness of these values and the nonexistence of correlation between Hammett-Type polar σ^X and these σ^˙_m values support our belief that the σ_j?J approach is reliable and trustworthy.     

甲烷在Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上的脱氢聚合反应

对不同Mo含量的Mo／HZSM－5催化剂的结构进行了表征，并对这些催化剂的甲烷非氧气氛下的转化反应进行了考察．催化剂的BET比表面积及酸性随Mo含量的增加而降低，当Mo含量大于5％时，Mo对ZSM－5分子筛的晶型有影响，并出现MoO3物相．甲烷在700℃时可高选择性地生成苯和乙烯，最佳Mo含量大约为2％．纯的MoO3或HZSM－5上该反应几乎不进行，因此，可能是分散的钼氧离子和分子筛的酸中心是甲烷转化的活性中心，只有二者的协同作用才能促进甲烷的转化．反应后催化剂中的钼物种被还原了．催化剂上的积炭可能是催化剂失活的主要原因之一，烧炭后催化剂活性基本恢复．     

Growth of porous single-crystal Cr2O3 in a 3-D mesopore system

Single-crystal Cr2O3 with regular mesopores has been synthesized using mesoporous silica KIT-6 as a template and characterized by using XRD, HRTEM and nitrogen adsorption/desorption.     

Hosoya polynomials of armchair open‐ended nanotubes

For a connected graph G we denote by d(G,k) the number of vertex pairs at distance k. The Hosoya polynomial of G is H(G,x) = ∑_k≥0 d(G,k)x^k. In this paper, analytical formulae for calculating the polynomials of armchair open‐ended nanotubes are given. Furthermore, the Wiener index, derived from the first derivative of the Hosoya polynomial in x = 1, and the hyper‐Wiener index, from one‐half of the second derivative of the Hosoya polynomial multiplied by x in x = 1, can be calculated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007     

镓改性ZSM-5沸石中镓活性中心的形成与表征

采用脉冲微反体系研究了经不同程度还原和不同镓含量的GaZSM-5沸石的芳构化性能与吡啶吸附红外光谱特征谱带吸收度的关联，证实了1458 cm~(-1)吸收带的用于表征与Ga物种有关的活性中心，并研究了沸石的硅铝比对Ga中心形成和Ga的价态对芳构化性能的影响。结果表明，对Ga含量相同的样品来说，硅铝比愈低，起始Ga中心生成量愈多，高价态与低价态的Ga中心对丙烷芳构化反应都有促进作用。     

稀溶液中环型聚苯乙烯的激基缔合物荧光效应

采用乙酸乙酯为环型和线型聚苯乙烯的非良溶剂, 确定了Mark-Houwink方程分别为[η]_r=1.91×10~(-2)·M~(0.607)和[η]_l=4.06×10~(-2)·M~(0.572)。研究了环型和线型聚苯乙烯的激基缔合物的荧光效应。通过稀溶液中环型和线型高分子线团在柔顺性上存在着差异, 解释了二者之间在荧光效应方面的差异, 并根据实验结果,确定了(I_E/I_M)c→0～M关系式分别为(I_E/I_M)r,c→0=1.91+3.40×10~(-6)M和(I_E/I_M)l,c→0=2.15+3.05×10~(-6)M。     

Palladium-catalyzed tandem cyclization/Suzuki coupling of 1,6-enynes: reaction scope and mechanism

A palldium(0)-catalyzed tandem cyclization/Suzuki coupling reaction of various 1,6-enyne substrates was developed. This Pd-catalyzed enyne cyclization reaction represents a new process for the synthesis of stereodefined alpha-arylmethylene-gamma-butyrolactones, lactams, multifunctional tetrahydrofurans, pyrrolidines, and cyclopentanes. The mechanism of the reaction was studied by the employment of different enyne isomers and boronic acids; a pi-allyl palladium intermediate was suggested to explain the formation of the cyclic products. The stereochemistry of this reaction can be well explained by a chairlike transition state.     

A simple route towards tubular ZnO

Thermal treatment of Zn(NH3)(4)2+ precursor in ethanol solvent led to the formation of the tubular ZnO which exhibited strong ultraviolet photoluminescence around 385 nm at room temperature; TEM images showed the hollow tubules with approximately 450 nm in diameter and approximately 4 microns in length were built up by ZnO polycrystals.     

Synthesis and crystallization kinetics of the novel ion exchanger Na<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>4</Subscript>Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>10</Subscript> for cesium removal

Thermodynamics and crystallization kinetics of the hydrothermal synthesis of Na₄Ti₄Si₃O₁₀ (NaTS) were systemically studied by both experiments and model simulation. Experimental results showed that the curve of crystallinity with time was a characteristic signmoid in the shape that indicated the crystallization of Na₄Ti₄Si₃O₁₀ was a typical spontaneous nucleation process on the laboratory scale. Crystallization of NaTS belongs to the liquid-liquid transformation mechanism and the reaction is endothermic (ΔH = 15.3 kJ/mol). A mathematic model of crystallization kinetics was developed to simulate the synthesis of NaTS. Runge-Kutta and simplex methods were adopted to solve the partial differential equations. Model results fitted well with the experimental data and showed that the synthesis process belongs to spontaneous nucleation and crystal growth. Moreover, the very small crystal growth constant (5.6·10⁻⁷) and gel dissolution constant (7.0·10⁻⁷) indicate they are the rate-limiting steps of the whole synthesis process.