CO在金属掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列中的吸附及氧化

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了五种不同金属元素V、Cr、Pd、Pt、Au掺杂二氧化钛纳米管阵列(TNTAs)的性质以及CO在这些二氧化钛纳米管阵列中的吸附和氧化.结果表明:金属的掺杂使TNTAs的带隙减小;弱吸附的CO能够和二氧化钛纳米管阵列中的晶格氧通过氧化还原机理生成CO2,这可归因于纳米管阵列的限域效应和金属元素的掺杂.合适的金属掺杂能促进CO氧化,除Cr以外的金属元素的掺杂降低了CO氧化的活化能垒,特别是Pd或Au的掺杂使能垒降低最为明显.贵金属元素Pd或Au掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列具有优良的光催化性能,可用于CO的低温氧化催化剂.     

Cooperative template-directed assembly of mesoporous metal-organic frameworks

Despite great efforts, the development of a reliable way to assemble mesoporous metal-organic frameworks (mesoMOFs) remains a challenge. In this work, we have designed a cooperative template system, comprising a surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and a chelating agent (citric acid), for the generation of a mesoMOF containing a hierarchical system of mesopores interconnected with microspores. The surfactant molecules form micelles and the chelating agent bridges the MOF and the micelles, making self-assembly and crystal growth proceed under the direction of the cooperative template. However, when the surfactant or the chelating agent was applied individually, no mesoMOF was obtained.     

Pore Surface Engineering with Controlled Loadings of Functional Groups via Click Chemistry in Highly Stable Metal-Organic Frameworks

Reactions of ZrCl(4) and single or mixed linear dicarboxylic acids bearing methyl or azide groups lead to highly stable isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with content-tunable, accessible, reactive azide groups inside the large pores. These Zr-based MOFs offer an ideal platform for pore surface engineering by anchoring various functional groups with controlled loadings onto the pore walls via the click reaction, endowing the MOFs with tailor-made interfaces. Significantly, the framework and crystallinity of the functionalized MOFs are well-retained, and the engineered pore surfaces have been demonstrated to be readily accessible, thus providing more opportunities for powerful and broad applications of MOFs.     

正压大气环流中的曲面周期波和孤波

大尺度正压大气环流的波动特征对理解气候变化具有重要的意义,而非线性浅水波方程组是描述大尺度正压大气环流的原始控制方程.本文对线性方程的复变函数解,通过二次适当的移植,求得浅水波方程组的发展方程的扰动位势的实变函数解,该实变函数解析解由基流项和波动项两部分组成.其中基流由波数、波速、β效应、变形半径和时间的任意函数共同决定;波动项与β效应有关.分析表明,在大尺度正压大气环流中扰动位势存在曲面的周期波和孤波的现象,周期波与孤波相互调制而呈现不稳定性;当多个周期孤波同时出现时,则彼此独立传播;扰动位势波动项中的时间任意函数对曲面周期孤波的波幅有调制作用,可控制波的产生、发展和消失.所得结果对研究大气波动现象和气候变化具有一定的理论参考价值.     

光谱图像技术结合SAM算法识别自然场景下的成熟柑橘

为了实现采摘机器人在复杂的自然场景下正确识别树上果实,来完成果实采摘,研究了不同环境下柑橘的识别方法.针对复杂的自然环境的影响及传统方法的局限性,在可见光和近红外区域择选5个特征波长滤波片,采集得到5幅滤波后的图像,并利用光谱角分类算法完成柑橘识别.试验结果表明,在光照角度、光照强度等不同条件下,柑橘的识别准确度达到96%.研究表明,滤波片光谱图像技术结合光谱角分类算法可以有效地识别自然场景下的成熟柑橘.     

浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定痕量镉

选择双硫腙为络合剂、Triton X-114为表面活性剂,以浊点萃取为样品前处理技术,富集水样中的痕量镉并用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定。对影响预富集的条件进行讨论并建立最佳条件,此方法可以应用于水样中镉的测定。在最优条件下,镉的检出限为0.015μg/L。     

Broadband Infrared Luminescence of Ni^2＋ in Petalite-Type Transparent Glass Ceramics

Transparent Ni^2＋-doped magnesium aluminosilicate glass ceramics are prepared. The formation of petalite-type crystallites in the glass ceramics is confirmed by x-ray diffraction. Broadband infrared luminescence centred at around 1235nm with full width at half maximum （FWHM） of about 300nm is observed from the Ni^2＋-doped glass ceramics. The observed infrared emission could be attributed to the ^3T2（F） → ^3A2（F） transition of octahedral Ni^2＋ ions in petalite-type crystallites. Theproduct of the fluorescence lifetime and the stimulated emission cross sections is 1.2 ×10-24 cm^2s.     

Self-Assembled Quasi-Periodic Voids in Glass Induced by a Tightly Focused Femtosecond Laser

Multiple refocusing of a tightly focused femtosecond laser due to the dynamic transformation between self-focusing and self-defocusing is employed to provide a novel method to produce quasi-periodic voids in glass. It is found that the diameter or the interval of the periodic voids increases with the increasing pulse energy of the laser. The detailed course for producing periodic voids is discussed by analysing the damaged track induced by the tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses. It is suggested that this periodic structure has potential applications in fabrication of three-dimensional optical devices.     

单光束飞秒激光诱导微纳周期结构的现象与机理

飞秒激光具有超快和超强（聚焦后局域电场达到10^10V／cm，相当于氢原子的库仑场强）的特点，因此它与材料发生相互作用时会产生多光子吸收、多光子电离、自聚焦等非线性效应．文章介绍最近发现的单光束飞秒激光在物质内部诱导自组装纳米光栅，沿光束传播方向排列成行的纳米周期孔洞结构以及材料表面诱导纳米周期结构等新现象，并对这些现象的机理作了阐述．     

含氮氟化类金刚石(FN-DLC)薄膜的研究：(Ⅰ) sp结构与化学键分析

以CF₄，CH₄和N₂为源气体，利用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积法，在不同功率下制备了含氮氟化类金刚石膜.用俄歇电子能谱、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱对薄膜的电子结构和化学键进行了表征，并结合高斯分峰拟合方法分析了薄膜中sp²，sp³结构比率.结果表明，制备的薄膜属于类金刚石结构，不同沉积功率下，薄膜内的sp²/sp³值在2.0—9.0之间，随着沉积功率的增加薄膜内sp²的相对含量增加.膜内主要有C—F_x(x=1，2)，C—C，C=C和C≡N等化学键.沉积功率增加，C—C基团增加，膜内F的浓度降低，C—F基团减少，薄膜的关联加强，稳定性提高. 关键词： 含氮氟化类金刚石膜 sp结构 化学键结构 射频功率