临界流喷嘴喉部氢气等熵指数解析计算与进化回归方法

氢气作为最有希望的清洁可再生能源之一,已被广泛应用于航天、工业和燃料电池等领域.临界流喷嘴由于其测量过程不受下游扰动的影响,越来越多地被应用于氢气特别是高压氢气的流量测量.而作为真实气体的氢气在临界流喷嘴中的流动规律更加复杂,准确获得喷嘴喉部氢气的热力学参数对于氢气的精确测量至关重要.结合真实气体显式亥姆霍兹能量方程,利用熵焓关系分析并通过迭代获得了喷嘴喉部容积等熵指数这一基本流动参数.提出了最优化获取显式快速计算模型的回归算法,引入了进化算法思想,利用选择、交换和变异等方式寻找显著性和精度最优的种群个体.回归标准偏差为0.0089%,平均残差为0.0285%,最大残差为0.1781%.结果表明,所提出的算法能快速搜索满足显著性和精度要求的最优解,在提高回归方程质量的同时使方程项数达到最少,具有较好的抑制过拟合的能力.所提出的算法也可用于其他各类流体设备的不同介质流场特性参数模型的建立.     

Spectral analysis of the UFBG-based acousto optical modulator in V–I transmission matrix formalism

In this study, the V-I transmission matrix formalism （V-I method） is proposed to analyze the spectrum characteristics of the uniform fiber Bragg grating （FBG）-based acousto--opfic modulators （UFBG-AOM）. The simulation results demon- strate that both the amplitude of the acoustically induced strain and the frequency of the acoustic wave （AW） have an effect on the spectrum. Additionally, the wavelength spacing between the primary reflectivity peak and the secondary reflectivity peak is proportional to the acoustic frequency with the ratio 0.1425 nm/MHz. Meanwhile, we compare the amount of calculation. For the FBG whose period is M, the calculation of the V-I method is 4 × （2M-l） in addition/subtraction, 8 × （2M - 1） in multiply/division and 2M in exponent arithmetic, which is almost a quarter of the multi-film method and transfer matrix （TM） method. The detailed analysis indicates that, compared with the conventional multi-film method and transfer matrix （TM） method, the V-I method is faster and less complex.     

全光固体条纹相机的理论及其静态实验研究

全光固体条纹相机采用空间调制抽运光激发平板波导光偏转器,通过精确控制抽运光和信号光之间的时间延迟,实现对入射到波导芯层信号光的偏转扫描.它能有效解决传统变像管条纹相机因空间电荷效应造成的动态范围降低以及光电阴极材料在红外波段探测受限等问题,且结构简单,系统稳定性高,理论时间分辨率可达皮秒甚至亚皮秒量级.本文围绕全光固体条纹相机的核心部件—–AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs平板波导光偏转器,研究了在带填充效应、带隙收缩效应以及自由载流子吸收效应作用下GaAs折射率的变化情况;在GaAs折射率变化达到0.01量级,信号光束斑大小和波导宽度之比p=0.5时,得到系统的理论时间分辨率为2 ps;按照静态实验条件求得的理论空间分辨率为17 lp/mm,实验结果显示其值为9 lp/mm.     

基于高光谱成像技术的滩羊肉新鲜度快速检测研究

滩羊肉的新鲜度是其品质安全的一个重要衡量指标,也是肉品品质安全控制的关键环节。挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）是表征肉品腐败过程主要的化学信息,能有效地评价出滩羊肉的新鲜度。然而,TVB-N的传统检测过程繁琐且人为影响因素大,检测结果缺乏客观性和一致性,不能满足当今肉品检测过程无损、快速、高效的需求。高光谱成像技术符合现代检测技术向多源信息融合方向发展的需求,已在食品安全领域得到广泛应用。利用可见/近红外高光谱成像技术（400~1 000 nm）结合动力学和化学计量学方法以及计算机编程技术,将同时实现滩羊肉贮存期内（15 ℃环境）TVB-N 浓度的快速检测和贮藏期的预测。研究中提取每个样品感兴趣区域的平均光谱数据,选用蒙特卡洛算法剔除异常样本。采用X-Y共生距离（SPXY）法划分为校正集和预测集,分别选用多元散射校正（multiplicative scatter correction, MSC）、卷积平滑（savitzky-golay, SG）、标准变量变换（standard normalized variate, SNV）、归一化（normalization）、基线校准（baseline）五种方法对原始光谱数据进行预处理,优选出最佳预处理方法。采用竞争性自适应重加权法（campetitive adaptive reweighted sampling, CARS）和连续投影算法（successive projections algorithm, SPA）分别提取了21个和6个特征波长。为优化模型并提高其模型精度,采用SPA算法对 CARS 所选特征波长进行二次提取,优选出14个特征波长。基于所提取的特征波长建立TVB-N浓度的PLSR模型,优选出 SNV-CARS-SPA-PLSR 模型具有较高的预测能力（R2_c=0.88,RMSEC=2.51, R2_p=0.65, RMSEP=2.11）。同时,建立了滩羊肉TVB-N变化与贮藏时间的动力学模型,并将优化后的光谱模型和动力学反应模型相结合建立了滩羊肉光谱吸光度值与贮藏时间的高光谱动力学模型,实现对贮藏时间的预测,并通过 PLS-DA判别模型对滩羊肉贮藏时间进行判别分析（校正集判别准确率为100%,预测集为97%）。研究表明,利用可见/近红外高光谱成像技术结合动力学和化学计量学方法以及计算机编程技术,可以有效地实现滩羊肉品质智能监控与质量安全快速无损分析,为开发实时在线检测装备提供理论参考。     

基于回波平移序列的快速三维磁共振温度成像方法

高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）是一种无创的热消融疗法，为保证其安全性和有效性，需要一种精度高、速度快的测温方法在其治疗过程中对温度进行监控.基于质子共振频率位移（PRFS）的磁共振温度成像（MRT）对温度具有较高的灵敏度，且与温度具有良好的线性关系，因此常被用于引导HIFU治疗.然而在实际应用中，HIFU治疗的最大隐患在于可能造成表皮灼伤，并且灼伤区域可能与焦点区域相隔较远.因此MRT的监控范围十分重要.本文基于三维回波平移成像序列，结合可控混叠的空间并行成像技术，实现了时间分辨率为3 s的快速三维温度成像.为了验证该方法的精度，本文首先设计了仿体降温实验，利用光纤温度计验证回波平移序列测温的准确度和精确度.然后在室温条件下扫描离体猪肉组织，对比加速前后的MRT的测温精确度.在HIFU加热条件下扫描离体猪肉组织，对比加速前后的MRT的测温准确度.结果显示，本文提出的方法可以在3 s内完成三维温度精准测量，对于HIFU治疗的安全监控具有重要意义.     

全固态高压脉冲电源在半导体光刻光源中的应用

简要回顾了半导体光刻的发展历程以及准分子激光作为光源在半导体光刻中的需求。简述了高压脉冲电源的基本原理及应用,介绍了全固态高压脉冲电源的结构和特点。着重阐述了全固态高压脉冲电源在光刻用准分子激光器和EUV光源中的应用。大功率半导体开关结合多级磁脉冲压缩开关的全固态脉冲电源有效替代传统基于闸流管的高压脉冲电源,实现了光刻光源高重复频率下的长寿命运行。介绍了中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所近十年来,在准分子激光器的全固态高压脉冲电源研究上的相关进展。最后,对未来半导体光刻光源对全固态脉冲电源的需求进行了展望。     

Abnormal resistance–temperature characteristic of the melting Bi nanowires

There are no reports about the electronic transport behavior of the melting metal nanostructures because the morphology of nanostructures cannot be kept under the melting condition. Here, the electronic properties of the melting Bi nanowires are investigated using the pore confinement of anodic aluminum oxide template. The results indicate that with the increase of temperature the resistance of Bi nanowires has a transition from the positive temperature coefficient of resistance before fusion to the negative one after fusion. Moreover, as the temperature gradually increases, the resistance of the melting Bi nanowires rapidly decreases at first, and then tardily decreases. This research provides fundamental and valuable information for exploring and designing the new electronic devices under the high temperature.     

A real-time image matching algorithm for integrated navigation system

In this paper we introduced a kind of real-time image matching navigation algorithm based on ORB which can meet the requirement for high speed aircraft. We combined image matching with INS to fix the accumulative error of INS and get high accuracy position data of the aircraft. In order to improve the accuracy and robust of system, we used SIFT feature as a supplement of ORB and introduced the Kalman filter to optimize the output of image matching and INS. Based on maneuverability law, we did wrong point deleting with RANSAC. Finally, we designed a software system to simulate the image matching/INS navigation system. From the result of experiments, we can draw a conclusion that the algorithm has good real-time performance, play a good matching effect and get high accuracy position value.     

Double-mode electrostatic dispersing prism for electron pulse time-domain compression

The generalized theory of double-mode electrostatic dispersing prism for time-domain compressing electron pulse is presented. The fundamental difference between the two modes of o mode and e mode lies in the dispersive dependence of electron's time of flight on its initial kinetic energy at prism entrance: the electrons with higher initial axial energy definitely have longer time of flight for o mode, while not the case for e mode, which results from the electron pulse's U-shaped motion in the prism. The dispersive dependence of time of flight constitutes the mechanism of electron pulse compression for each mode. An example is given to demonstrate the issue of parameter choosing for the prism and to verify its tunable performance of compression.