全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19465篇 |
免费 | 3017篇 |
国内免费 | 3173篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 14556篇 |
晶体学 | 367篇 |
力学 | 1188篇 |
综合类 | 288篇 |
数学 | 2211篇 |
物理学 | 7045篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 39篇 |
2023年 | 252篇 |
2022年 | 556篇 |
2021年 | 612篇 |
2020年 | 652篇 |
2019年 | 733篇 |
2018年 | 613篇 |
2017年 | 657篇 |
2016年 | 935篇 |
2015年 | 1004篇 |
2014年 | 1129篇 |
2013年 | 1511篇 |
2012年 | 1675篇 |
2011年 | 1651篇 |
2010年 | 1313篇 |
2009年 | 1304篇 |
2008年 | 1499篇 |
2007年 | 1344篇 |
2006年 | 1277篇 |
2005年 | 1059篇 |
2004年 | 944篇 |
2003年 | 783篇 |
2002年 | 867篇 |
2001年 | 768篇 |
2000年 | 528篇 |
1999年 | 417篇 |
1998年 | 277篇 |
1997年 | 190篇 |
1996年 | 172篇 |
1995年 | 146篇 |
1994年 | 118篇 |
1993年 | 129篇 |
1992年 | 90篇 |
1991年 | 80篇 |
1990年 | 60篇 |
1989年 | 54篇 |
1988年 | 39篇 |
1987年 | 35篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 31篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1936年 | 7篇 |
1935年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
Katherine A. Koenig Ken E. Sakaie Mark J. Lowe Jian Lin Lael Stone Robert A. Bermel Erik B. Beall Stephen M. Rao Bruce D. Trapp Micheal D. Phillips 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2013
Introduction
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly those measures associated with a specific white matter pathway, have consistently shown correlations with function. This study sought to investigate correlations between DTI measures in the fornix and common cognitive deficits in MS patients, including episodic memory, working memory and attention.Materials and Methods
Patients with MS and group age- and sex-matched controls underwent high-resolution diffusion scanning (1-mm isotropic voxels) and cognitive testing. Manually drawn forniceal regions of interest were applied to individual maps of tensor-derived measures, and mean values of transverse diffusivity (TD), mean diffusivity (MD), longitudinal diffusivity (LD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated.Results
In 40 patients with MS [mean age±S.D.= 42.55±9.1 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)=2.0±1.2; Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) score=0.38±0.46] and 20 healthy controls (mean age±S.D.= 41.35±9.7 years; EDSS=0.0±0; MSFC score=0.74±0.24), we found that FA, MD and TD values in the fornix were significantly different between groups (P< .03), and patient performance on the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) was correlated with DTI measures (P< .03).Discussion
These results are consistent with findings of axonal degeneration in MS and support the use of DTI as an indicator of disease progression. 相似文献132.
We present in this paper a model study on the “order-by-disorder” process in the cyclic phase of spin-2 condensate, which forms a family of incommensurable, spiral degenerate ground states. On the basis of the ordering mechanism of entropic splitting, it is demonstrated that the energy corrections resulting from quantum fluctuations of disorder lift the accidental degeneracy of the cyclic configurations and thus lead to an eventual spiral order called the cyclic order. The order-by-disorder phenomenon is then realized even if the magnetic field exists. Finally, we show that our theoretic observations can be verified experimentally by direct detection of the cyclic order in the 87Rb condensate of a spin-2 manifold with a weak magnetic field. 相似文献
133.
Yuanxiang Gu Fangfang Jian Wei Yi Jing Wang 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(1):179-187
One-dimensional (1D) fiber structures of simple amphiphilic molecules were prepared through a facile precipitation route. The self-assembly process was studied by ultraviolet-visible absorption and Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, which indicated that hydrogen bonding interactions played a role in the1D growth along the axis of the fiber. The water content, self-assembling temperature, and concentration of 1,5-bis-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)thiocarbonohydrazide molecules in the solution had obvious effects on the size and morphology of the self-assembled products. The formation of1D superstructures is not only of a hot subject in the process of nanoscience but also opens a new venue for conveniently controlling self-assembled structures of similar organic molecules. 相似文献
134.
Jinyao Chen Ya Cao Jian Kang Huilin Li 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(2):248-265
The effects of ethylene units content and crystallization temperature on the conformations, and the thermal and crystallization behavior were investigated by a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The characterization of FTIR spectroscopy proves that the longer helical conformation sequences of the propylene–ethylene random (PER) samples decrease, whereas the shorter helical conformation sequences increase with the increase in ethylene units content. The increase of the shorter helical conformation sequences is favorable for the formation of the γ-phase in the crystals. A group of broad endothermic peaks can be seen clearly in the DSC curves of PER copolymers, which may be associated with the melting of mixtures of the α- and γ-forms in the crystals. The melting point, crystallization temperature, and crystallinity degree of the PER copolymers decrease with the increase in ethylene units contents. Three typical melting peaks of the PER copolymers crystallized isothermally between 80°C and 130°C were observed. The two higher melting peaks result from melting of the α- and γ-phase in the crystals, whereas the materials crystallized on quenching give the lowest peak. The WAXD results confirm that the PER copolymers crystallize from the melt, as mixtures of α and γ forms, in a wide temperature range. The critical number ζlim of the crystallizable units for the α-form increases with the increase in crystallization temperature for PER copolymers, which is favorable for the formation of the γ phases. The amount of γ-form increases with the increase in crystallization temperature at the expense of its α component, then reaches a maximum value at the crystallization temperature of 115°C, and finally decreases with further increase in the crystallization temperature. 相似文献
135.
The spin-Hamiltonian (SH) parameters (g factors g //, g ⊥ and hyperfine structure constants 63 A //, 63 A ⊥, 65 A //, 65 A ⊥) for Cu2+ ions in the trigonally-distorted tetrahedral sites of ZnO and GaN crystals are calculated from a complete diagonalization (of energy matrix) method (CDM) based on a two spin-orbit parameter model for d 9 ions in trigonal symmetry. In the method, the Zeeman and hyperfine interaction terms are added to the Hamiltonian in the conventional CDM. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental values. The calculated SH parameters are also compared with those using the traditional diagonalization method or perturbation method only within the 2 T 2 term. It appears that, for exact calculations of SH parameters of d 9 ions in trigonal tetrahedral clusters in crystals, the present CDM is preferable to the traditional diagonalization method or perturbation method within the 2 T 2 term. The local structures of Cu2+ centers (which differ from the corresponding structure in the host crystal) in ZnO : Cu2+ and GaN : Cu2+ are obtained from the calculations. The results are discussed. 相似文献
136.
Vinyltriethoxysilane based inorganic–organic glasses dispersed with 4′-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl nematic liquid crystal are designed to fabricate a new type of gel glass dispersed with liquid crystal. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the nematic liquid crystal phase, occupying the interconnected cavities, is continuously embedded in the inorganic–organic matrixes. The effect of the nematic liquid crystal weight concentration on the morphology is investigated. The differential scanning calorimetry shows that the nematic-isotropic transition temperature depends on the nematic liquid crystal weight concentration. The Raman spectra show that there are no obvious Raman frequency shifts, compared with pure nematic liquid crystal. The in situ diffuse reflectance FTIR spectra show that the integral intensity of bands of hydroxyls has not varied. 相似文献
137.
138.
139.
模糊算法能解决传统方法难以解决模型的不确定性、非线性、复杂等问题的任务,PID算法在定模型下控制稳态性能好,能消除静差等特点.结合这2种方法,提出模糊PID算法,应用于通用烘箱的温度控制,通过仿真分析,表明:对不同烘箱、不同环境下,用该算法控制,有高精度、超调量小,无需调节PID参数,具有智能控制等功能. 相似文献
140.
A phthalazinone monomer with an allyl group, i.e. 4-(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalazin-1(2H)-one, was synthesized and then copolymerized with 4-(4-hydroxylphenyl)(2H)-phthalazin-1-one and 2,6- diflurobenzonitrile by means of aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation to provide a series of crosslinkable poly(aryl ether nitrile)s. The virgin copolymers exhibited good solubility in polar organic solvents with relative high molecular weights (Mw: 45,130-58,403, inherent viscosities: 0.58-0.75 dL/ g). After cross-linking, the thermal stability and solvent resistance of the polymer increased. 相似文献