PROGRESS IN PHASE INVERSION EMULSIFICATION FOR EPOXY RESIN WATERBORNE DISPERSIONS

In this review, our recent work in phase inversion emulsification （PIE） for polymer （especially epoxy resin） waterborne dispersions is summarized. Based on experimental results about PIE process, the physical model is proposed which can guide the synthesis of the waterborne dispersions such as polymer/nanoparticle composite dispersion. In the presence of a latent curing catalyst, PIE can give a crosslinkable epoxy resin waterborne dispersion. The dispersions can form cured transparent coatings with some unique properties such as UV shielding. They are promising in functional coatings, waterborne resin matrices for composites, and sizing for high performance fibers.     

Fabrication of lead titanate single crystalline nanowires by hydrothermal method and their characterization

Single crystalline nanowires of lead titanate (PbTiO₃) were fabricated by hydrothermal method at 200°C using lead acetate and n-tetrabutyl titanate as starting materials, where sodium hydroxide was served as a mineralizer. Crystalline phases, microstructure and optical properties of PbTiO₃ nanowires were investigated. The PbTiO₃ nanowires were uniform and continuous along the long axis, and were composed of single crystalline PbTiO₃ with a tetragonal perovskite structure. The diameter of a single nanowire was around 12 nm and the length reached up to 3 μm. The chemical composition of the samples and the valence states of elements were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopic investigation suggested that the absorption edge of optical transition of the first excitonic state occurred at around 320 nm. A blue-green light emission peaking at about 471 nm (2.63 eV) is observed at room temperature, and the intensity of this emission increased with increasing excitation wavelength. Oxygen vacancies are responsible for the light emission of PbTiO₃ nanowires.     

Excess molar enthalpies of binary mixtures for (tributyl phosphate+methanol/ethanol) at 298.15 K

Excess molar enthalpies of binary mixtures for tributyl phosphate (TBP)+methanol/ethanol were measured with a TAM air Isothermal calorimeter at 298.15 K and ambient. The results for xTBP+(1–x)CH₃OH are negative in the whole range of composition, while the values for xTBP+(1–x)C₂H₅OH change from positive values at low x to small negative values at high x. The experimental results have been correlated with the Redlich–Kister polynomial. IR spectra of the mixtures were measured to investigate the effect of hydrogen bonding in the mixture.     

Synthesis, characterization, and stability of Fe-MCM-41 for production of carbon nanotubes by acetylene pyrolysis

Fe-substituted MCM-41 molecular sieves with ca. 1, 2, and 3 wt % Fe were synthesized hydrothermally using different sources of colloidal silica (HiSil and Cab-O-Sil) and characterized by ICP, XRD, N2 physisorption, UV-vis, EPR, TPR, and X-ray absorption. Catalysts synthesized from Cab-O-Sil showed higher structural order and stability than those from HiSil. The local environment of Fe in the mesoporous material as studied by UV-vis reveals the dominance of framework Fe in all the as-synthesized Fe-MCM-41 samples. Dislodgement of some Fe species to extraframework location occurs upon calcination, and this effect is more severe for Fe-MCM-41 (2 wt %) and Fe-MCM-41 (3 wt %), as confirmed by EPR and X-ray absorption. These materials have been used as catalytic templates for the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by acetylene pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure. A relationship between the Fe loading in MCM-41 and the carbon species produced during this reaction has been established. Using our optimized conditions for this system, Fe-MCM-41 with ca. 2 wt % Fe showed the best results with particularly high selectivity for single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) production. This catalyst was selective for carbon nanotubes with a low amount of amorphous carbon for a narrow range of temperatures from 1073 to 1123 K. To account for the different selectivity of these catalysts for CNTs production, the local environment and chemical state of Fe in the used catalyst was further probed by X-band EPR.     

Heat shock protein 27 interacts with vimentin and prevents insolubilization of vimentin subunits induced by cadmium

Vimentin is an intermediate filament that regulates cell attachment and subcellular organization. In this study, vimentin filaments were morphologically altered, and its soluble subunits were rapidly reduced via cadmium chloride treatment. Cadmium chloride stimulated three major mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, and led apoptotic pathway via caspase-9 and caspase-3 activations. In order to determine whether MAPKs were involved in this cadmium-induced soluble vimentin disappearance, we applied MAPK-specific inhibitors (PD98059, SP600125, SB203580). These inhibitors did not abolish the cadmium-induced soluble vimentin disappearance. Caspase and proteosome degradation pathway were also not involved in soluble vimentin disappearance. When we observed vimentin levels in soluble and insoluble fractions, soluble vimentin subunits shifted to an insoluble fraction. As we discovered that heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27) was colocalized and physically associated with vimentin in unstressed cells, the roles of HSP27 with regard to vimentin were assessed. HSP27-overexpressing cells prevented morphological alterations of the vimentin filaments, as well as reductions of soluble vimentin, in the cadmium-treated cells. Moreover, HSP27 antisense oligonucleotide augmented these cadmium-induced changes in vimentin. These findings indicate that HSP27 prevents disruption of the vimentin intermediate filament networks and soluble vimentin disappearance, by virtue of its physical interaction with vimentin in cadmium-treated SK-N-SH cells.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [（CH3CH2）4N]4[（La12（OH）12MoO29）],A Novel Cluster Compound with a MoO5 Hexahedron Center surrounded by La—O Octahedron

IntroductionRecently,the molecular designs of polyox-ometalates( POM) with basic oxometal clusterbuilding blocks are of great interest[1,2 ] . Hy-drothermal synthesis,with the characteristic ofone- pot reaction,provides a convenient method toobtain novel structures of POM compounds[3— 6] . Inthe Ln/Mo/O system ( Ln=rare earth) ,somecompounds containing La and Mo elements havebeen reported[7— 17] . However,these compoundshave all been synthesized under the highly restrict-ed synthetic co…     

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from different azobenzene self-assembled monolayers and sandwiches

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of functionalized azobenzene thiols (RAzoCnSH, n=3-6 for R=H, abbreviated as AzoCnSH; and n=4 for R=CH(3)CONH, abbreviated as aaAzoC4SH) on different substrates RAzoCnSz.sbnd;z.sfnc;S (S represents substrates of vacuum-deposited gold (Au), silver foil (Ag), HNO(3) etched silver foil (EAg), and silver mirror (mAg)) have been studied by SERS in the near-infrared region. SERS of the SAMs on EAg and/or mAg exhibit SERS effects that vary with etching time and/or deposition time. The most appropriate time is 5 s for etching in 1:1 HNO(3) and 40 s for deposition in 0.1 M Ag(NH(3))(2)NO(3). Further, a layer of Ag mirror was conveniently deposited on the top of the SAMs on different substrates, yielding a more efficient SERS-active system possessing a "sandwiched" structure of mAgz.sfnc;RAzoCnS-z.sfnc;S. An appropriate surface roughness is required for the strongest SERS effect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that there exist a large number of projects around 100 nm on the surface showing the strongest SERS effect. When the surface roughness is decreased or increased, the SERS effect decreases sharply. The relationship between the SERS effect and the structural nature was investigated and showed that the enhancement factor decays exponentially with increasing in distances of the azobenzene group from the underlying substrate or the overlying silver mirror. This result reveals that the SERS effect may be the result of the electromagnetic coupling effect between two metal layers.     

纤维素/甲壳素共混膜的结构表征与抗凝血性能

以 6wt %NaOH 4wt%尿素为纤维素的新溶剂 ,采用溶液共混法制备出纤维素 甲壳素共混膜 ,为甲壳素在碱性溶液中制膜提供了新的方法 .红外光谱、X 射线衍射、扫描电镜和力学性能、抗凝血性能测试结果表明 ,共混膜中甲壳素含量低于 4 0wt%时 ,纤维素与甲壳素分子间具有良好的相容性 ;在纤维素中引入适量甲壳素可提高共混膜的抗张强度 ,共混膜的干、湿态抗张强度在甲壳素含量 10wt%时最大 ,其值分别为 89 1MPa和 4 3 7MPa ,比纯态纤维素膜的干、湿态抗张强度分别提高了 6 7%和 11 5 % ;甲壳素的引入可明显降低血小板在共混膜表面的粘附、凝聚与变性 ,增大共混膜的抗凝血参数 ,甲壳素含量达到 5 0wt%时 ,该共混膜具有良好的抗凝血性能     

气相色谱-质谱联用测定苯乙烯中的阻聚剂对叔丁基邻苯二酚

 建立了气相 质谱联用 (GC/MS)测定苯乙烯中阻聚剂对叔丁基邻苯二酚含量的方法。苯乙烯样品直接进样 ,通过毛细管柱 (HP 1,30m× 0 32mmi.d .× 0 2 5 μm)分离 ,由电子轰击 (EI)源于选择离子监测 (SIM)模式下进行检测。结果表明 ,对叔丁基邻苯二酚含量在 5mg/kg～ 5 0mg/kg时线性关系良好 (r2 =0 9987) ,回收率高 ;与美国材料测试标准ASTMD4 5 90中的分光光度测量法比较具有操作简捷、准确度高的特点。     

高镍钢中镍的测定

以王水溶解试样，用氨水作沉淀剂，并加入适量三乙醇胺及柠檬酸进行掩蔽，以消除铁及铬等元素的干扰，在pH=3-6的酸性介质中，加入过量的EDTA标准溶液，使镍与EDA形成稳定的络合物，以PAN为指示剂，用硫酸铜标准溶液滴定过量的EDTA标准溶液，从而求得镍的含量。