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941.
942.
Limited land and insufficient technicians to operate a wastewater treatment system are main restrictions for many factories.
Therefore, an ideal wastewater treatment method for a small or land-limited factory must possess merits such as high performance
efficiency, high organic loading rate, little odor, simple operation, easy maintenance, and little land required (simultaneously).
An entrapment technique to immobilize mixed microorganisms to treat organic wastewater, which was developed in the present
work, possesses these characteristics. This project was done on a laboratory scale. The microorganisms were activated sludge
(an undefined mixture of microorganisms obtained directly from a domestic wastewater treatment plan) and the mixed microorganisms
were immobilized in cellulose triacetate by means of an entrapment technique to treat organic wastewater from food industry.
After wastewater was treated by this system, the SCOD (soluble COD) removal efficiency of 81% evaluated samples exceeded 80%
in 1.5 ± 0.9 g SCOD/L/d of the volumetric loading rate and 7–10 h for the hydraulic retention time. This wastewater treatment
method can be applied to other organic industrial wastewater. 相似文献
943.
The cellular mechanism based on P-glycoprotein (PGP) for its drug pump function has become very important in multidrug resistance (MDR) research. A method has been established to characterize PGP on single K562 cell by coupling capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection. A permeable intact cell after the immunoassay binding with fluorescence labeling antibody was injected into the capillary and directly separated without lysis. It was found that once 5-10 optional cells were detected in batch, the PGP amount on this cell line could be outlined and calculated clearly. The PGP amount on K562 MDR cell line is 3.88 times higher than that on K562 sensitive cell line. These two cell lines with immunoassay binding were also analyzed by injection of multi-cells in order to improve the throughput. A resistance factor so called multidrug resistance multiple (MRM) was introduced to evaluate the MDR difference between cell lines. The MRM values of the cell line K562 measured by single cell analysis are well correlated with those by flow cytometry, which also prove the validity of our method in single cell analysis for the possibility of cancer diagnosis, pharmacokinetics and drug screening in future. 相似文献
944.
Zhichao Tao Yong fang Chenghua Zhang Tingzhen Li Mingyue Ding Hongwei Xiang Yongwang Li 《天然气化学杂志》2007,16(3):278-285
The effects of Manganese(Mn)incorporation on a precipitated iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)catalyst were investigated using N_2 physical adsorption,air differential thermal analysis (DTA),H_2 temperature-programmed reduction(TPR),and M(?)ssbauer spectroscopy.The FTS perfor- mances of the catalysts were tested in a slurry phase reactor.The characterization results indicated that Mn increased the surface area of the catalyst,and improved the dispersion ofα-Fe_2O_3 and reduced its crystallite size as a result of the high dispersion effect of Mn and the Fe-Mn interaction.The Fe-Mn inter- action also suppressed the reduction ofα-Fe_2O_3 to Fe_3O_4,stabilized the FeO phase,and(or)decreased the carburization degree of the catalysts in the H_2 and syngas reduction processes.In addition,incorporated Mn decreased the initial catalyst activity,but improved the catalyst stability because Mn restrained the reoxidation of iron carbides to Fe_3O_4,and improved further carburization of the catalysts.Manganese suppressed the formation of CH_4 and increased the selectivity to light olefins(C_(2-4)~=),but it had little effect on the selectivities to heavy(C_(5 )) hydrocarbons.All these results indicated that the strong Fe-Mn interaction suppressed the chemisorptive effect of the Mn as an electronic promoter,to some extent,in the precipitated iron-manganese catalyst system. 相似文献
945.
Using renewable green hydrogen and carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce methanol is one of the fundamental ways to reduce CO2 emissions in the future, and research and development related to catalysts for efficient and stable methanol synthesis is one of the key factors in determining the entire synthesis process. Metal nanoparticles stabilized on a support are frequently employed to catalyze the methanol synthesis reaction. Metal-support interactions (MSIs) in these supported catalysts can play a significant role in catalysis. Tuning the MSI is an effective strategy to modulate the activity, selectivity, and stability of heterogeneous catalysts. Numerous studies have been conducted on this topic; however, a systematic understanding of the role of various strengths of MSI is lacking. Herein, three Cu/ZnO-SiO2 catalysts with different strengths of MSI, namely, normal precipitation Cu/ZnO-SiO2 (Nor-CZS), co-precipitation Cu/ZnO-SiO2 (Co-CZS), and reverse precipitation Cu/ZnO-SiO2 (Re-CZS), were successfully prepared to determine the role of such interactions in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. The results of temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization illustrated that the MSI of the catalysts was considerably affected by the precipitation sequence. Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR) results indicated that the Cu species existed as CuO in all cases and that copper phyllosilicate was absent (except for strong Cu-SiO2 interaction). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2O chemical titration results revealed that strong interactions between the Cu and Zn species would promote the dispersion of Cu species, thereby leading to a higher CO2 conversion rate and improved catalytic stability. As expected, the Re-CZS catalyst exhibited the highest activity with 12.4% CO2 conversion, followed by the Co-CZS catalyst (12.1%), and the Nor-CZS catalyst (9.8%). After the same reaction time, the normalized CO2 conversion of the three catalysts decreased in the following order: Re-CZS (75%) > Co-CZS (70%) > Nor-CZS (65%). Notably, the methanol selectivity of the Re-CZS catalyst was found to level off after a prolonged period, in contrast to that of Co-CZS and Nor-CZS. Investigation of the structural evolution of the catalyst with time on stream revealed that the high methanol selectivity of the catalyst was caused by the reconstruction of the catalyst, which was induced by the strong MSI between the Cu and Zn species, and the migration of ZnO onto Cu species, which caused an enlargement of the Cu/ZnO interface. This work offers an alternative strategy for the rational and optimized design of efficient catalysts. 相似文献
946.
C. T. Peng S.-F. Ding R.-L. Hua 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1988,123(2):411-420
Retention indexes (RI's) on SE-30 and Carbowax 20M columns are characteristic and can be used for identification purposes. A method for predicting RI on the basis of the number of atoms and contributions from substituents and functional groups is discussed. This method establishes a structure retention index relationship (SRIR), capable of relating structure to RI and is useful for suggesting structure to match with radioactive peaks. Examples of labeled side products tentatively identified in this manner are given. 相似文献
947.
An in vitro microdialysis system was constructed for the measurement of catecholamines in pheochromocytoma cell culture medium. The novel microdialysis device is composed of a petri dish, a dialysis membrane and two transmission tubes. The dialysis membrane is located in the space of a petri dish such that it is immersed in the culture medium. Catecholamines contained in the culture medium diffused into a designed dialysis membrane with sufficient recovery (about 60%). Dialysates were collected by a sampling loop and introduced by an on-line injector to a microbore liquid chromatographic system for analysis of catecholamines. This assay yielded a detection limit of 0.2–0.5 pg/injection with acceptable intra- and inter-assay reproducibilities in 5 μl of dialysates. To evaluate the on-line microdialysis system, PC-12 cells were cultured in a petri dish within an incubator. The baseline concentration of dopamine in PC-12 cell culture medium was about 0.29 ng/ml which was elevated to 2.43 ng/ml after treatment with 0.5 mM potassium cyanide. In conclusion, the present microassay provides for the sensitive, direct measurement of catecholamines in culture medium while minimizing pretreatment procedures for sample preparation. 相似文献
948.
A highly sensitive and selective catalytic adsorptive cathodic striping procedure for the determination of trace germanium is presented. The method is based on adsorptive accumulation of the Ge(IV)‐gallic acid (GA) complex onto a hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by reduction of the adsorbed species. The reduction current is enhanced catalytically by addition of vanadium(IV)‐EDTA. The optimal experimental conditions include the use of 0.03 mol/L HClO4 (pH1.6), 6.0×10?3 mol/L GA, 3.0×10?3 mol/L V(IV), 4.0×10?3 mol/L EDTA, an accumulation potential of ?0.10 V(vs. Ag/AgCl), an accumulation time of 120 s and a differential pulse potential scan mode. The peak current is proportional to the concentration of Ge(IV) over the range of 3.0×10?11 to 1.0×10?8 mol/L and the detection limit is 2×10?11 mol/L for a 120 s adsorption time. The relative standard deviation at 5.0×10?10 mol/L level is 3.1%. No serious interferences were found. The method was applied to the determination of germanium in ore, mineral water and vegetable samples with satisfactory results. 相似文献
949.
Dr. Dingfeng Yang Junzhu Yang Xuejun Quan Bin Zhang Guoyu Wang Xu Lu Xiaoyuan Zhou 《Chemphyschem》2021,22(24):2579-2584
Understanding the correlation between crystal structure and thermal conductivity in semiconductors is very important for designing heat-transport-related devices, such as high-performance thermoelectric materials and heat dissipation in micro-nano-scale devices. In this work, the lattice thermal conductivity ( ) of the cage-like compounds Cu3VSe4 and Cu3NbSe4 was investigated by experimental measurements and first-principles calculations. The experimental of Cu3NbSe4 is approximately 25 % lower than that of Cu3VSe4 at 300 K. The relevant important physical parameters, including the sound velocity, heat capacity, weighted phonon phase space (W), and third-order force constants along with atomic mass were theoretically analyzed. It is found that W is the dominant parameter in determining the , and the other factors only play a minor role. The physical origin is the relatively “soft” lattice of Cu3NbSe4 with heavier atomic mass. This research provides deep insight into the correlation between the thermal conductivity and crystal structure and paves the way for discovering high-performance thermal management device and thermoelectric materials with intrinsically low . 相似文献
950.
Xu-Chun Wang Jian-Feng Li He-Ping Chen Jie-Ying Wu Hong-Ping Zhou Jia-Xiang Yang Bao-Kang Jin Yu-Peng Tian 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2007,32(5):551-557
The novel compound, 3-(E)-ferrocenyl-vinyl-N-hexylcarbazole (FVHC) was first synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet (UV) absorption, cyclic voltammograms (CV) and optical limiting (OL)
measurements. The result of single crystal X-ray diffraction for the compound reveals that the ferrocenyl and carbazole groups
are approximately coplanar, and bridged by double-bond with E configuration, showing that there is a well-delocalized π-electron
system in the molecule. The electrochemical investigation indicated that the electron in the FVHC may partially be delocalized
over the π-conjugated system and CT process in functionalized carbazole systems. Besides, the compound exhibited strong UV
absorption and large optical limiting effect, indicating promising potential applications as useful OL materials. 相似文献