Influence of the comatic aberration of an apertured lens on the focused polychromatic Gaussian beams

The focusing of polychromatic Gaussian beams by an apertured lens with comatic aberration is investigated in this paper. We study the influence of the comatic aberration and truncation parameter on the intensity distribution at the focal plane, and singularities and spectral behavior near the focal plane in detail. The simulation results show that the maximum intensity at the focal plane will shift and split with the gradual increment of comatic aberration. We also find that the decrease of truncation parameter will counteract the influence of comatic aberration, which leads to the intensity variation. Furthermore, the singularity transformation and spectral anomalies are discussed. It is found that with the increment of comatic aberration, some singularities are split into several new singularities, and by combining some of these new singularities with other singularities near the focal plane, they vanish or form new singularities with the continuing increase of comatic aberration. The decreasing value of truncation parameter will cause similar phenomena.     

Anti-Staphylococcus aureus evaluation of gallic acid by isothermal microcalorimetry and principle component analysis

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus requires new antibacterial drugs. In this study, using a thermal activity monitor air...     

光纤非相干合成光束在湍流大气中的传输实验研究

进行了六路100 W量级光纤非相干合成光束在实际大气湍流中的传输实验,将六路光斑直径为9 mm的单模光纤光束分别扩束,扩束后的光斑直径为90 mm。基于倾斜镜的合束系统来控制各路光束的指向,在不同强度的湍流条件中,通过主镜口径为440 mm的发射系统水平聚焦传输至470 m处。倾斜控制系统闭环工作时,一倍衍射极限内的桶中功率占目标处总功率的比值是开环工作时的1.7倍左右,随着大气湍流的强度变弱,此比值变大。     

声光调Q纳秒脉冲全光纤超连续谱光源

基于声光调Q技术的纳秒脉冲光纤激光超连续谱光源系统为全光纤结构,使用普通的传能光纤作为超连续谱的产生介质,通过改变泵浦功率和调制频率,可获得不同的超连续谱输出。实验结果表明：泵浦功率越大,调制频率越低,传能光纤越长,光谱展宽越宽。当传能光纤为200 m、调制频率为1 kHz、占空比为1.0%、泵浦功率为4.68 W时,获得谱线宽度超过700 nm的超连续谱输出。该系统可作为超连续谱光源的一种参考方案。     

Photochromism of new unsymmetrical isomeric diarylethenes bearing a methoxyl group

Three new unsymmetrical isomeric diarylethenes having a methoxyl substituent at ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐position of the terminal benzene ring, namely 1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐thienyl)‐2‐[2‐methyl‐5‐(2‐methoxylphenyl)‐3‐thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene ( 1o ), 1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐thienyl)‐2‐[2‐methyl‐5‐(3‐methoxylphenyl)‐3‐thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene ( 2o ), and 1‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐ thienyl)‐2‐[2‐methyl‐5‐(4‐methoxylphenyl)‐3‐thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene ( 3o ), have been synthesized. The substituent position effect of methoxyl group on their properties, including photochromism and fluorescence both in hexane solution and in PMMA film, and their electrochemical properties, were investigated in detail. These diarylethenes showed good photochromism both in solution and in PMMA film. For the same photochromic diarylethene backbone, the electron‐ donating methoxyl substituent can effectively depress the cyclization quantum yields and increase the cycloreversion quantum yields compared to those of diarylethenes bearing chlorine atoms reported previously. Diarylethenes 1o – 3o showed clear fluorescent switches by photoirradiation both in hexane and in PMMA film. In addition, cyclic voltammetry tests showed that the electron‐donating methoxyl group at different position on the terminal benzene ring had a significant effect on the electrochemical properties of these isomeric diarylethenes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Engineering Heterogeneous Catalysis with Strong Metal–Support Interactions: Characterization,Theory and Manipulation

Strong metal–support interactions (SMSI) represent a classic yet fast-growing area in catalysis research. The SMSI phenomenon results in the encapsulation and stabilization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with the support material that significantly impacts the catalytic performance through regulation of the interfacial interactions. Engineering SMSI provides a promising approach to steer catalytic performance in various chemical processes, which serves as an effective tool to tackle energy and environmental challenges. Our Minireview covers characterization, theory, catalytic activity, dependence on the catalytic structure and inducing environment of SMSI phenomena. By providing an overview and outlook on the cutting-edge techniques in this multidisciplinary research field, we not only want to provide insights into the further exploitation of SMSI in catalysis, but we also hope to inspire rational designs and characterization in the broad field of material science and physical chemistry.     

Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Lead-Free Halide Perovskites for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

It is still challenging to design and develop the state-of-the-art photocatalysts toward CO₂ photoreduction. Enormous researchers have focused on the halide perovskites in the photocatalytic field for CO₂ photoreduction, due to their excellent optical and physical properties. The toxicity of lead-based halide perovskites prevents their large-scale applications in photocatalytic fields. In consequence, lead-free halide perovskites (LFHPs) without the toxicity become the promising alternatives in the photocatalytic application for CO₂ photoreduction. In recent years, the rapid advances of LFHPs have offer new chances for the photocatalytic CO₂ reduction of LFHPs. In this review, we summarize not only the structures and properties of A₂BX₆, A₂B(I)B(III)X₆, and A₃B₂X₉-type LFHPs but also their recent progresses on the photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Furthermore, we also point out the opportunities and perspectives to research LFHPs photocatalysts for CO₂ photoreduction in the future.     

Synthesis of 2-(polyfluoroaryl)benzofurans via a copper(I)-catalyzed reaction of 2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol with polyfluoroarene

A novel and efficient route for the synthesis of 2-(polyfluoroaryl)benzofurans via a copper(I)-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)phenol with polyfluoroarene is reported. The corresponding products are generated in good yields. During the reaction process, a copper-catalyzed intramolecular C-O bond formation and a C-H activation are involved.     

Cold atmospheric Plasma Jet-Generated Oxidized Derivatives of Tryptophan and Their Selective Effects on Murine Melanoma and Fibroblast Cells

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma is widely used in research for biomedical applications and is a promising therapy to selectively eradicate cancer cells. However, fundamental information related to the plasma modification of biomolecules in aqueous solution remains elusive. In this work, we studied the chemical basis of tryptophan (Trp) oxidation using an Ar plasma jet and investigated the effects of plasma-treated tryptophan (PTT) on cell viability. The results show that the main product of the Trp of plasma induced oxidation is a mixture of hydroxyl derivatives and hydroperoxides in aqueous form. The products result primarily from the hydroxyl radical (·OH) attacking the Trp, which can be explained by the interaction with both the aromatic and the pyrrole rings. We observed that the PTT has a different proliferation effect between the growth of the B16 melanoma cells and the L929 fibroblast cells. The experimental results indicated that the effect of the PTT is dose-dependent in the B16 cells, ranging from cell proliferation to cytotoxic damage with apoptosis. Furthermore, we examined the intracellular changes in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide radicals (\({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\bar{ \cdot }}}\)) following the Trp-derived treatment using the fluorescence probe method. Rigorous identification of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by PTT in cells as \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\bar{ \cdot }}}\) and H₂O₂ helped establish the cellular source of ROS. It is shown that the intracellular H₂O₂ might originate from the activation of NADPH. These results suggested that the amino acid and protein hydroperoxides may play a crucial role in the action of plasma on the biologic target.