Determination of the half-life of 184gRe and the isomeric ratio of 184m,gRe induced by D-T neutrons

The isomeric ratio of ^{184m, g}Re and the half-life of ^184gRe were measured in the ¹⁸⁵Re (n, 2n) ¹⁸⁴Re reaction at 14.8 MeV, and the uncertainty was discussed in detail. The measurements were performed using the activation method implemented for a rhenium sample using the K-400 neutron generator at the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP). Isomeric state and ground state nuclei of ¹⁸⁴Re were identified by their γ-ray spectra. To eliminate the effect of the γ-ray emitted from the isomer on the counting of the ground state characteristic peaks, the isomeric ratio of ^{184m, g}Re was calculated to be 0.29 ± 0.11 according to the neutron activation cross-section formula. This result is consistent with previous data within the uncertainty and can be used to determine parameters that characterize the dependence of the level density on the excitation energy and angular momentum. Through exponential function fitting and a detailed discussion of the uncertainty evaluation, the half-life of ^184gRe was determined as 35.43 ± 0.16 d, which is consistent with the currently recommended value; however, the uncertainty assessment of the latter was barely documented. In addition, this study indicates that the half-life of the ground state can be obtained by eliminating the contamination of γ-rays emitted from the isomer, which provides the possibility of determining the half-lives of nuclides containing isomers.     

一维氮掺杂碳包覆Fe3O4和Fe7S8纳米棒复合材料的制备及其储锂、储钠性能研究

以水热法制备的羟基氧化铁纳米棒作为反应原料,首先采用室温聚合法,在其表面包覆一层均匀的聚多巴胺,获得聚多巴胺包覆的羟基氧化铁,然后通过后续热处理,获得氮掺杂碳包覆的Fe3 O4和Fe7 S8复合材料(Fe3O4@NC和Fe7S8@NC).采用XRD、拉曼光谱仪、XPS、SEM以及TEM等技术对上述两种复合材料的结构和形...     

Error analysis of free probability approximations to the density of States of disordered systems

Theoretical studies of localization, anomalous diffusion and ergodicity breaking require solving the electronic structure of disordered systems. We use free probability to approximate the ensemble-averaged density of states without exact diagonalization. We present an error analysis that quantifies the accuracy using a generalized moment expansion, allowing us to distinguish between different approximations. We identify an approximation that is accurate to the eighth moment across all noise strengths, and contrast this with perturbation theory and isotropic entanglement theory.     

磷酸盐激光玻璃在干燥空气和纯水下的摩擦磨损性能研究

通过直线往复摩擦磨损试验机,采用氧化铝陶瓷球作为对摩副,对比研究了磷酸盐激光玻璃在干燥空气和纯水中的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:纯水下的摩擦系数远小于干燥空气中,液态水在摩擦过程中起到了一定的润滑作用.同等载荷下,磷酸盐激光玻璃的磨损深度和磨损体积在纯水中远大于干燥空气下,水促进了玻璃的材料去除,该玻璃在水下以摩擦化学磨损为主.虽然玻璃在水中的磨损深度较深但是其次表面损伤较浅,这归因于水润滑下摩擦剪切应力的大幅度降低.而干燥环境下,由于纯机械作用,其磨损深度较小,材料损伤以裂纹滋生和脆性剥落为主,并同时引发严重的次表层损伤.     

Investigation on the combustion efficiency and residual of nitrocellulose–alcohol humectant mixtures

To have an insight into the fire properties of nitrocellulose–isopropanol and –ethanol mixtures, the experimental data in previous work are further extracted and analyzed carefully. Generally, the effective heats of combustion of the two samples characterized by both the peak and mean heat release rates decrease with the increasing external irradiance levels. The combustion efficiencies characterized by the ratio of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to carbon monoxide (CO), regardless of the maximum and mean values, also show the similar decreasing tendency, exhibiting a lower combustion efficiency at elevated external radiation. With respect to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, the two nitrocellulose–alcohol mixtures appear to yield the similar species of combustion residuals, but slightly different in the atomic concentrations, which may be due to the differences in the alcohol humectant and nitrogen content in nitrocellulose substrate. These findings are expected to provide further understanding of fire properties of nitrocellulose–alcohol mixtures and help with fire investigation of such type of fires.

     

Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Directed syn‐1,2‐Carboboration and ‐Silylation: Alkene Scope,Applications in Dearomatization,and Stereocontrol by a Chiral Auxiliary

We report the development of palladium(0)‐catalyzed syn‐selective 1,2‐carboboration and ‐silylation reactions of alkenes containing cleavable directing groups. With B₂pin₂ or PhMe₂Si‐Bpin as nucleophiles and aryl/alkenyl triflates as electrophiles, a broad range of mono‐, di‐, tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes are compatible in these transformations. We further describe a directed dearomative 1,2‐carboboration of electron‐rich heteroarenes by employing this approach. Through use of a removable chiral directing group, we demonstrate the viability of achieving stereoinduction in Heck‐type alkene 1,2‐difunctionalization. This work introduces new avenues to access highly functionalized boronates and silanes with precise regio‐ and stereocontrol.     

反向传播神经网络的太平洋海域温跃层反演*

温跃层是反映海洋温度场的重要指标,针对太平洋中东部海域复杂多变的水文情况以及传统温跃层分析模式的局限性,本文基于BOA_Argo历史网格,通过BP神经网络,建立温度剖面的经验正交系数与海面遥感数据、少量深度处海水温度之间的非线性映射关系,实现海洋垂向温度剖面的实时反演,最后利用垂向梯度法获得海洋温跃层的相关参数。实验结果表明,相比于传统方法,该方法反演得到的跃层深度与测量值更加吻合,其中上层深度平均反演误差从10.3m下降到5.7m,下层深度平均反演误差从16.8m下降到8.8m。     

The Physiology of Postharvest Tea (Camellia sinensis) Leaves,According to Metabolic Phenotypes and Gene Expression Analysis

Proper postharvest storage preserves horticultural products, including tea, until they can be processed. However, few studies have focused on the physiology of ripening and senescence during postharvest storage, which affects the flavor and quality of tea. In this study, physiological and biochemical indexes of the leaves of tea cultivar ‘Yinghong 9′ preserved at a low temperature and high relative humidity (15–18 °C and 85–95%, PTL) were compared to those of leaves stored at ambient conditions (24 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 65% ± 5%, UTL). Water content, chromatism, chlorophyll fluorescence, and key metabolites (caffeine, theanine, and catechins) were analyzed over a period of 24 h, and volatilized compounds were determined after 24 h. In addition, the expression of key biosynthesis genes for catechin, caffeine, theanine, and terpene were quantified. The results showed that water content, chromatism, and chlorophyll fluorescence of preserved leaves were more similar to fresh tea leaves than unpreserved tea leaves. After 24 h, the content of aroma volatiles and caffeine significantly increased, while theanine decreased in both groups. Multiple catechin monomers showed distinct changes within 24 h, and EGCG was significantly higher in preserved tea. The expression levels of CsFAS and CsTSI were consistent with the content of farnesene and theanine, respectively, but TCS1 and TCS2 expression did not correlate with caffeine content. Principal component analysis considered results from multiple indexes and suggested that the freshness of PTL was superior to that of UTL. Taken together, preservation conditions in postharvest storage caused a series of physiological and metabolic variations of tea leaves, which were different from those of unpreserved tea leaves. Comprehensive evaluation showed that the preservation conditions used in this study were effective at maintaining the freshness of tea leaves for 2–6 h. This study illustrates the metabolic changes that occur in postharvest tea leaves, which will provide a foundation for improvements to postharvest practices for tea leaves.     

Zn and Ag Doping on Hydroxyapatite: Influence on the Adhesion Strength of High-Molecular Polymer Polycaprolactone

In this study, density functional theory was employed to calculate the adsorption of polycaprolactone (PCL) by pure hydroxyapatite (HA), Zn-doped HA, and Ag-doped HA, and the interaction of PCL on the surface of HA (001) was simulated. The results show that there was significant electron transfer between the carbonyl O in PCL and the Zn, Ag, and Ca in HA, forming coordinate bonds. The binding energies of Ag-doped HA/PCL and Zn-doped HA/PCL were much higher than those of HA/PCL. HA doped with Ag had the highest binding energy to PCL. Therefore, we believe that when HA is doped with Ag atoms, its adsorption capacity for PCL can be increased. The results obtained in this study can be used as a guide for the development of HA/PCL bone graft composite material doped with appropriate metal ions to improve its adsorption capacity.     

Deep Transfer Network with Multi-Space Dynamic Distribution Adaptation for Bearing Fault Diagnosis

Domain adaptation-based bearing fault diagnosis methods have recently received high attention. However, the extracted features in these methods fail to adequately represent fault information due to the versatility of the work scenario. Moreover, most existing adaptive methods attempt to align the feature space of domains by calculating the sum of marginal distribution distance and conditional distribution distance, without considering variable cross-domain diagnostic scenarios that provide significant cues for fault diagnosis. To address the above problems, we propose a deep convolutional multi-space dynamic distribution adaptation (DCMSDA) model, which consists of two core components: two feature extraction modules and a dynamic distribution adaptation module. Technically, a multi-space structure is proposed in the feature extraction module to fully extract fault features of the marginal distribution and conditional distribution. In addition, the dynamic distribution adaptation module utilizes different metrics to capture distribution discrepancies, as well as an adaptive coefficient to dynamically measure the alignment proportion in complex cross-domain scenarios. This study compares our method with other advanced methods, in detail. The experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent diagnosis performance and generalization performance. Furthermore, the results further demonstrate the effectiveness of each transfer module proposed in our model.