平稳随机振动荷载识别的逆虚拟激励法（二）

本文将逆虚拟激励法（ＩＰＥＭ）用于求解平稳随机振动的荷载谱识别问题，已知部分结构应变（或部分应变及部分位移）响应的自谱与互谱，反求多点激励间的自谱与互谱。     

结构受多点非平稳随机地震激励的响应

对结构所受的地震作用既考虑了地面运动的非平稳性，又计及了行波效应及激励点之间相干性的部分损失，给出了计算结构响应时变功率谱的虚拟激励算法。该法不仅计及了振型间的耦合项及激励间的耦合项，而且简便高效。     

大跨度结构考虑行波效应时非平稳随机地震响应

大距度结构在受到演变随机地震激励且考虑行波效应时，其非平稳地震响应分析不但计及振型间的耦合项及激励间的耦合项，而且有很高的效率。     

基于煤气化渣特性的环境功能材料制备与应用研究进展

随着煤气化技术的兴起,煤气化渣（CGS）的产生量和堆存量越来越大,逐渐成为煤化工基地亟需解决的问题。CGS是一种廉价易得的工业废物,因其富含SiO2、Al2O3、残余炭以及矿质营养成分,且具有比表面积大、孔隙发达等特点,使得其在制备吸附剂（介孔二氧化硅、分子筛、陶瓷膜、混凝剂等）、土壤改良剂（土壤调节剂、堆肥、沙土改良等）、催化剂等领域存在天然优势。文中分析了气化渣的粒度分布、孔隙结构、化学矿物以及元素组成,归纳了CGS基介孔二氧化硅、分子筛及其复合材料的制备方法,重点阐述了CGS基多孔材料对重金属、有机染料、氨氮等污染物吸附性能,以及CGS应用于土壤调节剂、堆肥添加剂和沙土改良的研究进展。目前的研究表明,CGS在水体污染物吸附和土壤改良上具备一定优势,但其理化性质的差异性和重金属的生物有效性成为限制其利用的重要条件,并且复杂的工艺流程和较高的经济成本也是实现工业化的制约因素。为促进煤气化渣的资源化利用,需建立起CGS制备多孔吸附剂及其复合材料的信息库,以便不同产地的CGS有针对性的资源化利用。由于有机模板剂的加入,分子筛制备过程产生的废液废渣可能引起污染,应加强绿色合成分子筛的研究,探寻有效的非金属复合材料的制备方法,以减少环境污染的可能。此外,吸附剂应具备良好的再生性能,可将吸附、磁分离技术和解吸技术结合,通过嫁接、浸渍等技术将微生物或磁性Fe3O4负载与改性CGS上,实现CGS基复合材料的循环利用。使用生物、植物或化学技术降低CGS有害成分的生物有效性,从而减小CGS与沙土复配时二次污染的可能。为提高企业经济效益,未来研究中,应加强CGS的分级利用,实现其各自利用效益的最大化。     

Piezocatalytic Techniques in Environmental Remediation

As a consequence of rapid industrialization throughout the world, various environmental pollutants have begun to accumulate in water, air, and soil. This endangers the ecological environment of the earth, and environmental remediation has become an immediate priority. Among various environmental remediation techniques, piezocatalytic techniques, which uniquely take advantage of the piezoelectric effect, have attracted much attention. Piezoelectric effects allow pollutant degradation directly, while also enhancing photocatalysis by reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent developments in piezocatalytic techniques for environmental remediation. The origin of the piezoelectric effect as well as classification of piezoelectric materials and their application in environmental remediation are systematically summarized. We also analyze the potential underlying mechanisms. Finally, urgent problems and the future development of piezocatalytic techniques are discussed.     

有机高价碘化学简介及其应用

近几十年来,有机高价碘化学蓬勃发展,有机高价碘试剂也受到化学合成工作者的广泛关注,关于有机高价碘试剂的反应性研究也获得了迅猛发展。有机高价碘试剂作为绿色、高效、多功能化的氧化剂,通常容易制备且操作简单,与已有的合成方法相比,该类试剂参与的反应表现出了许多独特的优点,并且具有与汞、铬、铅、铊等重金属试剂类似的反应性,但却没有这些试剂所带来的毒性和环境污染问题。本文介绍了有机高价碘化学的起源与发展,高价碘试剂的结构特点与分类,高价碘试剂在有机合成、材料化学及工业合成中的应用。     

Breaking Parallel Orientation of Rods via a Dendritic Architecture toward Diverse Supramolecular Structures

Self‐assembled nanostructures of rod‐like molecules are commonly limited to nematic or layered smectic structures dominated by the parallel arrangement of the rod‐like components. Distinct self‐assembly behavior of four categories of dendritic rods constructed by placing a tri(hydroxy) group at the apex of dendritic oligo‐fluorenes is observed. Designed hydrogen bonding and dendritic architecture break the parallel arrangement of the rods, resulting in molecules with specific (fan‐like or cone‐like) shapes. While the fan‐shaped molecules tend to form hexagonal packing cylindrical phases, the cone‐shaped molecules could form spherical motifs to pack into various ordered structures, including the Frank–Kasper A15 phase and dodecagonal quasicrystal. This study provides a model system to engineer diverse supramolecular structures by rod‐like molecules and sheds new light into the mechanisms of the formation of unconventional spherical packing structures in soft matter.     

Gram-Scale Synthesis of an Ultrastable Microporous Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Adsorptive Separation of C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/CH4

A highly water and thermally stable metal-organic framework (MOF) Zn₂(Pydc)(Ata)₂ (1, H₂Pydc = 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid; HAta = 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole) was synthesized on a large scale using inexpensive commercially available ligands for efficient separation of C₂H₂ from CH₄ and CO₂. Compound 1 could take up 47.2 mL/g of C₂H₂ under ambient conditions but only 33.0 mL/g of CO₂ and 19.1 mL/g of CH₄. The calculated ideal absorbed solution theory (IAST) selectivities for equimolar C₂H₂/CO₂ and C₂H₂/CH₄ were 5.1 and 21.5, respectively, comparable to those many popular MOFs. The Q_st values for C₂H₂, CO₂, and CH₄ at a near-zero loading in 1 were 43.1, 32.1, and 22.5 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The practical separation performance for C₂H₂/CO₂ mixtures was further confirmed by column breakthrough experiments.     

大跨度结构随机地震响应

设水平或竖向地面运动是沿水平方向直线传播的平稳随机过程。对于按有限元离散化的一般三维结构,考虑地面运动的相位差,推导了计算其位移及内力响应功率谱密度的表达式。文中给出的对比例题表明,对大跨度结构考虑地震输入相位差的影响是十分必要的。