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11.
The following results are proved in this paper. Let G be a 2k-edge-connected eulerian graph. (i) For every set {e1, e2, ?, e2k+1} ? E(G) there is an eulerian trail T of the form e1, e2, ?, e2k+1, ?. (ii) For every set E* = {e1, e2, ?, ek} ? E(G) there is an eulerian trail T = e1, ?, e2, ?, ek, ? in which the elements of E* are traversed in accordance with a prescribed orientation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
12.
Zhengqian Luo Guoyong Sun Zhiping Cai Miaoling Si Qibo Li 《Optics Communications》2007,277(1):118-124
In this paper, continuous wave Yb3+-doped double-clad fiber lasers (DCFLs) with linear-cavity are investigated theoretically and numerically using the rate equations. Under the steady state conditions, the simplified analytic solutions of Yb3+-doped DCFLs under considering the scattering loss are deduced in the strongly pump condition. Compared with the known analytic solutions in published literatures, our analytic solutions are more accurate, especially, at higher reflectivity of output mirror. In addition, a fast and stable algorithm based on the Newton-Raphson method is proposed to simulate numerically Yb3+-doped DCFLs. The results by simplified analytic solutions are in good agreement with those by the numerical simulation. Moreover, we have performed the optimization of an Yb3+-doped DCFL using the simplified analytic solutions and the numerical simulations, respectively. 相似文献
13.
Ping-xing Chen Jian-ming Cai Zheng-wei Zhou Guang-can Guo 《量子光学学报》2006,12(B08):72-73
The second law of thermodynamics is one of the most fundamental and for-reaching laws of physics. It teaches us that when a closed system undergoes a thermodynamic process the entropy of the system never decreases; it increases, or at least remains constant. If the entropy increases the thermodynamic process is irreversible, otherwise it is reversible. Only ideal thermal process is reversible. In classical world a great number of facts have proved the second law is true. But in quantum world since the quantum coherence and correlations exist we are not sure the second law is still true, at least in principle. This is because that: 1. on the microscopic level the irreversibility is conflict with the reversibility of all fundamental physical laws ; 2. there are not enough evidences to show it is true in quantum world. 相似文献
14.
The contrast of interference pattern formed by two circularly polarized waves and by a linearly polarized wave and a circularly polarized one is discussed. The results are compared with that by two linear beams. It shows that the use of circular light in holographic fabrication of three-dimensional periodic microstructures may remove the necessity of beam ratio and polarization optimization needed in the interference of three linear noncoplanar beams and improve the uniform contrast of resultant pattern simultaneously. 相似文献
15.
In the inverse scattering transform (IST), the reflectionless Jost solutions are combined by their analytic properties in the complex spectrum parameter plane, and then can be shown to satisfy the two Lax equations indeed by Liouville theorem. So the corresponding soliton solutions certainly satisfy the nonlinear equation by compatibility condition. Especially the multi-soliton solutions of DNLS equation can be demonstrated in this way.
PACS Numbers: 05.45.Yv, 02.30.-f, 11.10.Ef 相似文献
16.
本文主要论证了在不完全市场条件下带风险指数的金融均衡的存在性,并揭示其均衡结构的特征.本文中建立的模型是一、二期货币投入产出金融经济且具有可微的资产结构,这一模型包括了许多具有特殊资产结构的均衡模型,如实资产结构、虚资产结构、恒秩资产结构的均衡模型.因此本文的这一模型具有广泛的应用前景和实用价值.接着给出了本文的金融均衡的存在性定理,再借助微分拓扑给出它的证明过程,这一证明过程较之以前证明均衡存在性的经典方法(如Duffie,D&W.Shfer(1985)的方法)要简便得多.同时也应注意到本文的这一结论既适用于资产市场下会随机风险因素的情形,也适用于商品空间为无限维的情形,除此之外,还给出了怎样判别资产结构是否属于T类的判别法,为检验均衡存在性提供了更为便利的途径.最后,本文论证了在金融市场里,尽管由于稀缺性的存在,从而导致均衡分配的多样化,然而均衡分配集却形成了一光滑子流,但该流形的维数与稀缺性有关.换句话说,尽管市场是不完全的,但均市分配不确定性的反却是可比的.如此使得人们对均衡资产结构的认识更进一步. 相似文献
17.
18.
Three-dimensional astigmatic resonators, typical examples of which are the resonators bounded by cylindrical-spherical mirrors and cylindrical-cylindrical mirrors oriented at an arbitrary crossed angle, are investigated in detail by using a complex curvature tensor concept and generalized tensor ABCD law. Computerized numerical calculations illustrate some interesting characteristics of these astigmatic resonators. 相似文献
19.
We describe one convenient synthesis route to boron nitride (BN) nanotube by the reaction of boron powder, iron oxide, and ammonium chloride at 600 °C for 12 h. Characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, TEM and SAED, the composition and morphology of the products are confirmed. The possible reaction mechanism is also discussed. 相似文献
20.
Gui-Chang Wang Ling Jiang Yoshitada Morikawa Junji Nakamura Zun-Sheng Cai Yin-Ming Pan Xue-Zhuang Zhao 《Surface science》2004,570(3):205-217
The adsorption behavior and thermal activation of carbon dioxide on the Cu(1 1 1), Cu(1 0 0), and Cu(1 1 0) surfaces have been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations and cluster models and periodic slabs. According to the cluster models, the optimized results indicate that the basis set of C and O atoms has a distinct effect on the adsorption energy, but an indistinct one on the equilibrium geometry. For the CO2/Cu(hkl) adsorption systems studied here, the final structure of adsorbed CO2 is near linear and the preferred modes for the adsorption of CO2 onto the Cu(1 1 1), Cu(1 0 0), and Cu(1 1 0) surfaces are the side-on adsorption at the cross bridge site with an adsorption energy of 13.06 kJ/mol, the side-on adsorption at the short bridge site (13.54 kJ/mol), and the end-on adsorption on the on-top site with C–O bonds located along the short bridge site (26.01 kJ/mol), respectively. However, the calculated adsorption energies from periodic slabs are lower as compared to the experimental data as well as the cluster model data, indicating that the periodic slab approach of generalized gradient approximation in the density function theory may be not suitable to obtain quantitative information on the interaction of CO2 with Cu(hkl) surfaces. 相似文献