Antibacterial Thiopeptide GE2270-Congeners from Nonomuraea jiangxiensis

Thiopeptides are macrocyclic natural products with potent bioactivity. Nine new natural thiopeptides (1–9) were obtained from a Nonomuraea jiangxiensis isolated from a terrestrial soil sample collected in Singapore. Even though some of these compounds were previously synthesized or isolated from engineered strains, herein we report the unprecedented isolation of these thiopeptides from a native Nonomuraea jiangxiensis. A comparison with the literature and a detailed analysis of the NMR and HRMS of compounds 1–9 was conducted to assign their chemical structures. The structures of all new compounds were highly related to the thiopeptide antibiotics GE2270, with variations in the substituents on the thiazole and amino acid moieties. Thiopeptides 1–9 exhibited a potent antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus with MIC₉₀ values ranging from 2 µM to 11 µM. In addition, all compounds were investigated for their cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell line A549, none of the compounds were cytotoxic.     

Investigating the Mechanisms of Bisdemethoxycurcumin in Ulcerative Colitis: Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder that is hard to cure once diagnosed. Bisdemethoxycurcumin has shown positive effects on inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying bioactive interaction between bisdemethoxycurcumin and ulcerative colitis is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the core target and potential mechanism of action of bisdemethoxycurcumin as a therapy for ulcerative colitis. The public databases were used to identify potential targets for bisdemethoxycurcumin and ulcerative colitis. To investigate the potential mechanisms, the protein-protein interaction network, gene ontology analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis have been carried out. Subsequently, experimental verification was conducted to confirm the findings. A total of 132 intersecting genes of bisdemethoxycurcumin, as well as ulcerative coli-tis-related targets, were obtained. SRC, EGFR, AKT1, and PIK3R1 were the targets of highest potential, and the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways may be essential for the treatment of ulcerative colitis by bisdemethoxycurcumin. Molecular docking demonstrated that bisdemethoxycurcumin combined well with SRC, EGFR, PIK3R1, and AKT1. Moreover, the in vitro experiments suggested that bisdemethoxycurcumin might reduce LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in RAW264.7 cells by suppressing PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Our study provided a comprehensive overview of the potential targets and molecular mechanism of bisdemethoxycurcumin against ulcerative colitis. Furthermore, it also provided a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis, as well as compelling evidence for further study on the mechanism of bisdemethoxycurcumin in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.     

新型掺碳二氧化硅-薄膜体声波谐振器结构及其仿真验证

一定厚度的低声阻抗支撑层可以在薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)与衬底之间形成声学隔离层,防止声波泄漏到衬底当中。掺碳二氧化硅(CDO)是一种低声阻抗材料,对FBAR具有较好的温度补偿效果,可以作为FBAR与衬底之间的声学隔离层,从而构成一种新型的CDO-FBAR。为了分析CDO-FBAR与通孔型FBAR相比性能是否退化,以及CDO声学隔离层所需厚度,采用多物理场耦合仿真软件分析了CDO-FBAR和通孔型FBAR的谐振频率、Q值、有效机电耦合系数和S参数,并提取了CDO-FBAR纵向振动位移。分析结果表明：CDO-FBAR的谐振频率整体向下漂移;CDO声学隔离层导致S参数的寄生干扰;由于声学损耗增加,Q值略有降低,其中并联谐振点处的Q值降幅更大;有效机电耦合系数略有降低;声波传播到声学隔离层中9 m处就完全衰减,即只需要9 m厚的CDO声学隔离层就能在FBAR与衬底之间形成有效的声学隔离。由此,仿真验证了这种新颖的CDO-FBAR结构的可行性。     

聚龙一号驱动Z箍缩负载内爆的简化电路模型

为方便描述聚龙一号装置与Z箍缩负载的电磁耦合过程,基于大量电参数实验数据和全电路模拟分析,建立了一个简化的集总电路模型,获得了等效电压波形和等效电阻、电感等集总参量。采用水介质三板输出线出口位置的开路电压作为等效电压,进一步拟合为正弦平方函数,峰值为3.3 MV（当前驱动器充压为65 kV）,零到峰值的时间长度为102.5ns。采用简化的流阻抗模型描述磁绝缘传输线内部空间电子流的电流损失效应。将电路程序与零维负载动力学程序耦合模拟,得到了与实验结果符合的负载电流波形,尤其电流波形的前沿和峰值符合较好,分析了电磁能转化为负载动能的过程。     

脉冲功率晶闸管反向恢复特性

为建立有效的晶闸管模型来仿真晶闸管关断时过电压,减小晶闸管过压损坏的概率,以最大通流150 kA、耐压5.2 kV的脉冲晶闸管为研究对象,将其前置于脉冲形成单元回路中作为大功率开关使用,记录放电过程中晶闸管两端电压及电流。实验数据表明：恢复过程中的电流下降率、反向恢复电荷、反向恢复电流峰值随通态电流峰值的增大而增大,晶闸管关断时间随通态电流峰值的增大而减小。此外,在关断过程中,当电流下降率在-50~1000 A/s时,电流下降率与电流峰值为线性关系。因此,在大脉冲电流条件下,推导反向恢复过程参数与通态电流参数的关系时电流下降率可用与电流峰值的线性关系代替。基于Matlab仿真平台,建立了具有反向恢复过程的脉冲晶闸管模型。该模型仿真得到的晶闸管反向恢复电流峰值与实测结果较为吻合,反向恢复电压尚待进一步修正。     

低阻抗大面积二极管的研制

采用高纯石墨环状阴极和有机玻璃绝缘子,研制了一套低阻抗大面积二极管系统。使用理论计算和数值模拟方法对二极管进行优化设计,在保证绝缘要求的同时,尽量优化二极管轴向长度和内外筒距离以减小二极管的回路电感。实验结果表明,优化后的二极管能在200 kV左右的电压上稳定工作,绝缘结构未发生击穿现象;实验中最高输出电压为213 kV,电流为221 kA,特性阻抗约为1 ,电流密度为8 kA/cm2,脉宽(FWHM)为50 ns。     

神光-Ⅲ主机装置成功实现60 TW/180 kJ三倍频激光输出

2015年9月15日,由中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心承担研制的神光-Ⅲ主机装置成功完成了48束激光三倍频180 kJ/3 ns、峰值功率60 TW的输出测试实验,标志着神光-Ⅲ主机装置已全面建成并达到设计指标,成为现有输出能力世界排名第二、亚洲排名第一的惯性约束聚变激光驱动器。神光-Ⅲ主机装置可输出48束阵列化的大口径高功率脉冲激光（分为6个束组,每个束组为一个42的光束阵列）,主要由前端、预放、主放、测量与光束控制、靶场、计算机集中控制等六大系统组成。神光-Ⅲ主机装置的研制,凝集了我国在光学、激光、脉冲功率、精密机械、快电子学、自动控制、化学清洗、超精密加工等多个学科领域的顶尖技术成就,堪称中国光学工程界的奇迹。神光-Ⅲ主机装置采用腔内四程放大+变口径90翻转U型反转器+助推三程放大的总体构型,在未使用大口径隔离组件的条件下,采用焦斑控制、精密准直、锥管镜面空间滤波及杂散光管理等技术措施,实现了基频光十万倍增益、10 kJ量级输出状态下的自激振荡抑制与反激光规避,在系统具备50%以上透过率的前提下确保了装置的运行安全,大大提高了装置的性价比。神光-Ⅲ主机装置的建设过程中攻克了高精度种子光源、高品质激光束的预放大、精密同步、辐射定标损伤检测、全光路精密波前校正、甚多束光路自动准直、自动化靶瞄准定位、计算机集中控制、高效谐波转换、一搁准精密安装、超精密光学加工、缺陷控制损伤阈值提升等多项光学工程技术难关,确保了装置具备优秀的技术指标性能。神光-Ⅲ主机装置打破了激光系统串行调试的规律,基于基准体系技术,通过不同束组间的错级并行,实现总体集成工作的满负荷运转,确保了装置建设的总体进度和集成效率。装置从第一个光机模块进场到基本完成集成调试,用时仅四年半,创造了又一个中国速度。在工程建设过程中以自主研发的传输放大动力学设计软件、激光泵浦动力学软件、杂散光树叉追迹软件等为基础,融合了部分光学设计商用软件,构建了覆盖光学、结构、电气、控制等多个学科的高功率激光装置数字化设计平台,基本实现了装置设计的全面数字化。工程建设过程中形成的质量、安全、进度控制体系保证了工程顺利进行。神光-Ⅲ主机装置的全面建成,标志着我国在大型激光驱动器方面的总体设计、总体集成、精密装校、加工制造、光学检测、关键技术等核心能力实现了体系化发展与成熟,面向更大规模的激光驱动器研制的光学工程体系已基本形成。     

甘油介质在同轴形成线中的击穿特性研究

针对甘油介质在形成线中的应用,总结了甘油作为储能介质已开展的相关研究工作,并在缩比的同轴电极试件中进行了电极表面、磁场、耐压极性、含气量等条件对甘油介质击穿特性影响的实验研究。搭建了基于晶闸管控制的空心脉冲变压器升压实验平台,设计了浸没于脉冲磁场中的同轴电极击穿试件,实验平台最大输出电压500 kV,上升时间26 s,最大磁场1 T,可通过控制晶闸管的先后触发使击穿过程发生于准稳衡磁场中,并制作了外形一致、表面不同的砂纸打磨、羊毛抛光、金属电镀和非金属电镀四种电极。实验结果表明：甘油的击穿是没有极性的;1 T量级磁场对甘油介质的击穿特性无影响;不同电极表面微观形貌差异较大,使甘油介质具有不同的击穿特性,说明甘油击穿在电极表面的过程具有较大影响;充分的排气能减少甘油中直径较大的气泡,减少概率性的低击穿场强,击穿后产生的大量微小气泡会整体降低甘油的击穿阈值,使甘油的平均击穿场强降低。     

同步辐射X射线成像技术在脑成像研究中的应用

脑疾病的诊疗、 探索高级脑功能机制和理解意识本源对脑科学研究具有重要意义. 成像技术在阐明脑科学神经系统结构和功能中发挥了重要作用. 迄今, 核磁共振成像、 光学成像和电子显微镜成像技术已为脑科学研究提供了强有力的手段, 取得了突出的进展. 同步辐射X射线显微成像技术具有高分辨率、 快成像速度和高穿透深度等优点, 是一类与已有技术互补的新型脑成像技术. 本文介绍了核磁共振波谱、 光学显微镜和电子显微镜等成像方法在脑成像领域中的应用, 重点阐述了同步辐射X射线成像的优势以及在脑结构成像和功能成像中的应用. 在此基础上, 展望了同步辐射X射线成像应用于脑科学研究的未来发展方向, 讨论了该技术在绘制人脑联接图谱中的优势及可行性.     

Comparative Study on Preparation Methods for Transparent Conductive Films Based on Silver Nanowires

Silver nanowires, which have high optoelectronic properties, have the potential to supersede indium tin oxide in the field of electrocatalysis, stretchable electronic, and solar cells. Herein, four mainstream experimental methods, including Mayer–rod coating, spin coating, spray coating, and vacuum filtration methods, are employed to fabricate transparent conductive films based on the same silver nanowires to clarify the significance of preparation methods on the performance of the films. The surface morphology, conductive property, uniformity, and flexible stability of these four Ag NW-based films, are analyzed and compared to explore the advantages of these methods. The transparent conductive films produced by the vacuum filtration method have the most outstanding performance in terms of surface roughness and uniformity, benefitting from the stronger welding of NW-NW junctions after the press procedure. However, limited by the size of the membrane and the vacuum degree of the equipment, the small-size Ag films used in precious devices are appropriate to obtain through this method. Similarly, the spin coating method is suited to prepare Ag NWs films with small sizes, which shows excellent stability after the bending test. In comparison, much larger-size films could be obtained through Mayer-rod coating and spray coating methods. The pull-down speed and force among the Mayer-rod coating process, as well as the spray distance and traveling speed among the spray coating process, are essential to the uniformity of Ag NW films. After being treated with NaBH₄ and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), the obtained Ag NW/PMMA films show great potential in the field of film defogging due to the Joule heating effect. Taken together, based on the advantages of each preparation method, the Ag NW-based films with desired size and performances are easier to prepare, meeting the requirements of different application fields.