国家治理的家户逻辑：基于田野政治学的分析进路

家户是中国社会的细胞,也是国家治理的基本单元。从历史上看,家户单元以独立的个体家庭的产生为基础,并经由“编户齐民”制度而成熟定型。与其他治理单元不同,家户具有极强的自主性,并从中汲取动能与活力。家户自主性是基于家户自身生存和发展需要而产生的内在能动性,包括意识自主性、目标自主性和行动自主性。中国国家治理的重要特征,不是对家户单元的控制与形塑,而是对家户自主性的认同与调适。家户自主性的产生,主要源于家户单元的自组织特性,包括联结方式的血缘性、个体需求的内生性、组织形态的灵活性以及国家权力的外在性。从历史上看,正是家户单元的自主性治理,为“集家为国”的中国国家治理提供了动力,其不仅创造了灿烂的农业文明,也实现了国家的长治久安。进入近代以后,家户作为国家治理单元的功能不断弱化甚至一度被取代,但其内在价值并未因此消解,反而在改革实践中展现独特魅力与光芒。在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的进程中,应当高度重视家户单元及其蕴含的自主性价值,并赋予其新的时代意义。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定生物质乳酸发酵液中有机酸及糖类化合物

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时测定生物质乳酸发酵液中有机酸及糖类的分析方法。使用Bio-Rad Aminex HPX-87H色谱柱,以5 mmol/L的H2SO4为流动相,在柱温55 ℃,流速0.6 mL/min条件下,采用示差折光检测器进行检测。结果表明,该方法可在17 min内实现发酵液中各种有机酸和糖类化合物等的完全分离与定量,6种有机酸和3种糖类化合物在0.15～5.19 g/L范围内的线性关系良好,回归方程的线性相关系数在0.9998以上。将该法用于米根霉发酵液的检测,两个水平的加标回收率为96.91%～103.11%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.81%～4.61%。该法适用于微生物发酵液中多种有机酸和糖类的快速、高效分离和定量测定。     

Immobilized palladium on surface-modified Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles: as a magnetically separable and stable recyclable high-performance catalyst for Suzuki and Heck cross-coupling reactions

A palladium-based catalyst (Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/HPG–OPPh₂–PNP) supported on chlorodiphenylphosphine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was successfully prepared from Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ with sequential attachment of glycerol and chlorodiphenylphosphine, followed by treatment of an ethanolic solution of palladium chloride with hydrazine. The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by ICP-AES, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/HPG–OPPh₂–PNP was found as a magnetically separable and highly active catalyst for Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides as well as Heck reactions of aryl iodides and bromides. Under appropriate conditions, all reactions afforded the desired products in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, this catalyst can be easily recovered by using a magnetic field and directly reused for at least six cycles without significant loss of its activity.     

REPRESENTATIONS OF THE TWO PARAMETER DEFORMATION OF THE VIRASORO ALGEBRA

This paper constructs a class of Harish-Chandra modules with multiplicity ≤1 of the two parameter deformation of Virasoro algebra and proves a classification theorem.     

钾原子中多种受激辐射参与的混频过程

当双原子共振激发钾原子于６Ｓ能级时,由光泵受激辐射和电离复合受激辐射参与的六波或四波混频,产生了位于紫外和紫区的诸多相干辐射、文中对多种混频机制进行了分析和讨论,并对所测得的相干辐射线进行了标识．