全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4291篇 |
免费 | 249篇 |
国内免费 | 25篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3168篇 |
晶体学 | 54篇 |
力学 | 96篇 |
数学 | 273篇 |
物理学 | 974篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 35篇 |
2022年 | 86篇 |
2021年 | 108篇 |
2020年 | 85篇 |
2019年 | 110篇 |
2018年 | 83篇 |
2017年 | 72篇 |
2016年 | 148篇 |
2015年 | 163篇 |
2014年 | 190篇 |
2013年 | 270篇 |
2012年 | 352篇 |
2011年 | 415篇 |
2010年 | 238篇 |
2009年 | 218篇 |
2008年 | 316篇 |
2007年 | 258篇 |
2006年 | 265篇 |
2005年 | 248篇 |
2004年 | 189篇 |
2003年 | 149篇 |
2002年 | 161篇 |
2001年 | 65篇 |
2000年 | 68篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4565条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Chai OH Lee HK Lee YC Lee MS Han EH Kim HT Song CH 《Experimental & molecular medicine》2005,37(5):408-417
Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is widely used industrially to make epoxy and alkyd resins, plasticizers and surfactants. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is induced by repeated TMA challenge and the role of TNF-alpha and IgE in the TMA-induced CHS. The repetition of the challenge enlarged the extent of an early and a late phase of CHS in TNF-alpha+/+ (B6129SF2/J) and Balb/c mice. In the late phase of TMA-induced CHS, the peak of ear swelling responses by single challenge showed at 24 h after challenge, but the peak was observed at 8 h after repeated challenge. In the TNF-alpha knockout TNF-alpha-/- (B6;129S-Tnftm1Gk1) mice, the repetition of the TMA challenges enlarged the extent of the late phase of CHS, but less than those in TNF-alpha+/+ mice. Injection of anti-TNF-alpha antibody into the peritoneal cavity of Balb/c mice significantly decreased the extent of the late phase of CHS. Subcutaneous injection of anti-IgE antibody into Balb/c mice also decreased the extent of the late phase of CHS in dose-dependent manner. Histologically, infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils was more pronounced in repeatedly TMA-challenged TNF-alpha+/+ and Balb/c mice than in the TNF-alpha-/- mice and anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IgE antibodies treated Balb/c mice. These results indicate that mice sensitized by TMA could possibly offer a useful model to study the mechanism of CHS, and TNF-alpha and IgE may act as potential modulators in the late phase of TMA-induced CHS. Neutralization of TNF-alpha and IgE by anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IgE antibodies may provide therapeutic tools for the treatment of TMA-induced CHS. 相似文献
62.
Sang Chul Shim Chil Hoon Doh Tae Jeong Kim Hak Ki Lee Ki Doo Kim 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1988,25(5):1383-1385
Ethanolic tetracarbonylhydridoferrate combined with adipaldehyde is very efficient for the selective transformation of an amino group into perhydroazepine. A large variety of both aliphatic and aromatic amines react with adipaldehyde in the presence of tetracarbonylhydridoferrate at room temperature and carbon monoxide to give the corresponding N-alkyl- and N-arylperhydroazepines in good to excellent yields. 相似文献
63.
Jae Ha Kim Young Tae Jeong Seong Ihl Woo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1994,32(15):2979-2987
Highly active catalysts for copolymerization have been prepared by the precipitation of MgCl2/ToCl4 complex with or without high surface area silica. Copolymerization of ethylene and 1-butene has been tested by using the prepared catalysts at various concentrations of 1-butene. The catalytic activities are 20–80 kg/g Ti h. The rate of copolymerization is strongly affected by the addition of 1-butene. The decay rate of copolymerization is first order with respect to time. Analyses of copolymers with solvent extraction, DSC, IR, XRD, and NMR were performed. Ethylene reactivity ratio (k11) for TiCl4/MgCl2/THF catalyst is calculated to be about 26 by NMR spectrum. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
64.
Dong Won Kim Young Shin Jeon Young Kyu Jeong Moo Yul Suh Kih Soo Joe 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1995,189(2):219-227
The chromatographic separation of lithium isotopes was investigated by chemical exchange with the recently synthesized polymer-bound dibenzo pyridino diamide azacrown (DBPDA) and reduced dibenzo pyridino diamide azacrown (RDBPDA). Column chromatography was employed for the determination of the effect of solvents and ligand conformation on the separation coefficients. The maximum separation coefficients, , for the DBPDA and RDBPDA at 20.0±0.02°C with acetonitrile as eluent, were found to be 0.034±0.002 and 0.035±0.002, respectively. The isotope separation coefficient and adsorption capability of the lithium ion on the DBPDA and RDBPDA were only slightly dependent on ligand structure, but strongly dependent on the solvent. DBPDA and RDBPDA appeared to have almost the same value for the isotope separation coefficient of lithium. 相似文献
65.
A rhodamine-based fluorescent and colorimetric chemodosimeter for the rapid detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous media 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A rhodamine-based fluorescent and colorimetric chemodosimeter for the rapid detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous media was developed. The system, which utilizes an irreversible Hg2+-promoted oxadiazole forming reaction, responds instantaneously at room temperature in a 1:1 stoichiometric manner to the amount of Hg2+. The selectivity of this system for Hg2+ over other metal ions is remarkably high, and its sensitivity is below 2 ppb in aqueous solutions. 相似文献
66.
Lee JS Kim DH Liu KH Oh TK Lee CH 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2005,19(23):3539-3548
Searchable MS/MS spectra libraries, constructed using the results of liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with data-dependent acquisition on an ion trap mass spectrometer, are presented with regard to the identification and confirmation of a variety of closely related flavonoids in a set of biological samples. Flavonoids were found to exhibit a maximum amount of structurally specific MS/MS spectra at 45% of normalized collision energy on the instrument used, without wideband activation. These MS/MS spectra were then searched automatically against a 297-substance MS/MS library that contains many previously acquired spectra of standard flavonoids. The possible applications of this powerful technique to biological samples are also discussed. Daidzein and genistein were identified through the MS/MS spectra library while searching through LC/MS/MS data for plant and microbial extracts. Moreover, these compounds proved completely distinguishable from other flavonoids of closely related structures in the MS/MS spectra library, using the NIST MS search program. The applicability of the library-searchable spectra at low concentrations was demonstrated by successful identification of daidzein and genistein at 0.05 and 0.5 microg/mL, respectively. 相似文献
67.
68.
We have developed a strategy of signal generation for immunosensors that transduces biospecific affinity recognition reactions into electrochemical signals. The cyclic voltammetric method, tracking the precipitation of insoluble products onto the sensing surface and the subsequent decrement in the electrode area, was chosen for signal registration. Precipitation of insolubilities was induced by the catalytic reaction of enzymes, which were labeled to the biospecifically attached protein or antibody molecules. As a model system for affinity recognition, we have investigated the functionalization of biotin groups to the sensing monolayer and their biospecific interactions with anti-biotin antibody molecules. The immunosensing interface was developed onto the dendrimer-activated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), as the base template for the functionalization of the antigen moiety and signal generation. The advantages of using dendrimer-activated SAMs in comparison to the plain modified thiolate SAMs for the sensing surface were shown in terms of sensing performances, and the analytical characteristics of the resulting immunosensor were examined. Additionally, the sensing system was applied for biotin/(strept)avidin couples, extending the applicability of the developed strategy. 相似文献
69.
S. M. Jeong S.-B. Park S.-S. Hong C.-S. Seo S.-W. Park 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2006,268(2):349-356
Summary The
electrolytic reduction of U3O8 powder was carried out
using LiCl-Li2O molten salt in a 20-kg U3O8
batch cell to verify the feasibility of the process. As the current passes the
cell, the decomposition of Li2O and the reduction of U3O8
occur simultaneously in a cathode assembly and oxygen gas evolvs at the anode.
The results from a 20-kg U3O8 scale cell were compared
with data obtained from a bench scale cell. The results suggest a successful
demonstration of this process, exhibiting a reduction conversion of U3O8
of more than 99% in a batch.</p>
</p> 相似文献
70.
Jin-Dong Cheon 《Tetrahedron letters》2006,47(29):5079-5082
A new series of N-substituted 6-amino- and 6,6″-diamino-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (6-amino- and 6,6″-diamino-tpy) was conveniently synthesized in one-step by Pd-catalyzed amination of bromo-substituted tpys with various amines. For highly coordinating tpy substrates, use of appropriate chelating phosphine ligand was critical to achieve moderate to satisfactory yield. The prepared N-substituted 6-amino- and 6,6″-diamino-tpys exhibited moderate to intense fluorescence in dichloromethane with fine-tuned fluorescence maxima ranging from 385 to 455 nm. 相似文献