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51.
Ying Zheng Anker D. Jensen Peter Glarborg Karina Sendt Brian S. Haynes 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2009,32(2):1973-1980
Formation of NO initiated by heterogeneous fixation of N2 during pyrolysis is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were conducted with beech wood as well as with the pure biomass components cellulose, xylan, and lignin. The NO formation during char oxidation was recorded as function of pyrolysis atmosphere (N2 or Ar), pyrolysis temperature (700–1050 °C), and oxidizing atmosphere (O2 in N2 or Ar). The results confirm earlier reports that biomass char may be enriched in N during pyrolysis at 900 °C and above. The N-uptake involves re-capture of N-volatiles as well as uptake of N2. During char oxidation, the captured N is partly oxidized to NO, resulting in increased NO formation. The NO yield from oxidation of beech wood char made in N2 increases with pyrolysis temperature, and is about a factor of two higher at 1050 °C than the corresponding yield from chars made in Ar. The experiments with pure materials show that the lignin char has the strongest ability to form NO from uptake of N2, while xylan char forms only small amounts of NO from N2. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on model chars have revealed a number of chemisorption sites for N2, many of which are weakly bound and therefore expected to have a short half-life at the higher pyrolysis temperatures. However, the chemisorption of N2 across a single ring of the armchair surface was found to have an activation energy of 344 ± 30 kJ mol−1 and form a stable, exothermic product with cyano groups. This demonstrates that at least one channel exists for the high-temperature incorporation of N2 into a char which could give rise to the observed increase in NO release in subsequent char oxidation. 相似文献
52.
We show that the fractal growth described by the dielectric breakdown model exhibits a phase transition in the multifractal spectrum of the growth measure. The transition takes place because the tip splitting of branches forms a fixed angle. This angle is eta dependent but it can be rescaled onto an "effectively" universal angle of the diffusion-limited aggregation branching process. We derive an analytic rescaling relation which is in agreement with numerical simulations. The dimension of the clusters decreases linearly with the angle and the growth becomes non-ractal at an angle close to 74 degrees (which corresponds to eta = 4.0+/-0.3). 相似文献
53.
G. Tiana M.H. Jensen K. Sneppen 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,29(1):135-140
A feedback mechanism that involves the proteins p53 and mdm2, induces cell death as a controlled response to severe DNA damage.
A minimal model for this mechanism demonstrates that the response may be dynamic and connected with the time needed to translate
the mdm2 protein. The response takes place if the dissociation constant k between p53 and mdm2 varies from its normal value. Although it is widely believed that it is an increase in k that triggers the response, we show that the experimental behaviour is better described by a decrease in the dissociation
constant. The response is quite robust upon changes in the parameters of the system, as required by any control mechanism,
except for few weak points, which could be connected with the onset of cancer.
Received 8 May 2002 / Received in final form 9 July 2002 Published online 17 September 2002 相似文献
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55.
C. R.H. Bahl J. Garde K. Lefmann T. B.S. Jensen P.-A. Lindgård D. E. Madsen S. Mørup 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2008,62(1):53-57
In magnetic nanoparticles the uniform precession
(q = 0 spin wave) mode gives the predominant contribution
to the magnetic excitations. We have calculated the energy of the
uniform mode in antiferromagnetic nanoparticles with uncompensated
magnetic moments, using the coherent potential approximation. In
the presence of uncompensated moments, an antiferromagnetic
nanoparticle must be considered as a kind of a ferrimagnet. Two
magnetic anisotropy terms are considered, a planar term confining
the spins to the basal plane, and an axial term determining an
easy axis in this plane. Excitation energies are calculated for
various combinations of these two anisotropy terms, ranging from
the simple uniaxial case to the planar case with a strong
out-of-plane anisotropy. In the simple uniaxial case, the
uncompensated moment has a large influence on the excitation
energy, but in the planar case it is much less important. The
calculations explain recent neutron scattering measurements on
nanoparticles of antiferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 and NiO. 相似文献
56.
Abouzaid E Arenton M Barker AR Bellantoni L Bellavance A Blucher E Bock GJ Cheu E Coleman R Corcoran MD Cox B Erwin AR Escobar CO Glazov A Golossanov A Gomes RA Gouffon P Hsiung YB Jensen DA Kessler R Kotera K Ledovskoy A McBride PL Monnier E Nguyen H Niclasen R Ii DG Ping H Ramberg EJ Ray RE Ronquest M Santos E Slater W Smith D Solomey N Swallow EC Toale PA Tschirhart R Wah YW Wang J White HB Whitmore J Wilking MJ Winstein B Winston R Wolfe C Worcester ET Worcester M Yamanaka T Zimmerman ED 《Physical review letters》2008,100(13):131803
The Fermilab KTeV experiment has searched for lepton-flavor-violating decays of the K(L) meson in three decay modes. We observe no events in the signal region for any of the modes studied, and we set the following upper limits for their branching ratios at the 90% C.L.: BR(K(L) --> pi(0) micro(+/-) e(-/+)) <7.6 x 10(-11); BR(K(L) --> pi(0)pi(0) micro(+/-) e(-/+)) <1.7 x 10(-10); BR(pi(0) --> micro(+/-) e(-/+)) <3.6 x 10(-10). This result represents a factor of 82 improvement in the branching ratio limit for K(L) --> pi(0) micro(+/-) e(-/+) and is the first reported limit for K(L) --> pi(0)pi(0) micro(+/-) e(-/+). 相似文献
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