Supported Intermetallic PdZn Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Catalysts for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from CO‐Rich Synthesis Gas

The single‐step syngas‐to‐dimethyl ether (STD) process entails economic and technical advantages over the current industrial two‐step process. Pd/ZnO‐based catalysts have recently emerged as interesting alternatives to currently used Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalysts, but the nature of the active site(s), the reaction mechanism, and the role of Pd and ZnO in the solid catalyst are not well established. Now, Zn‐stabilized Pd colloids with a size of 2 nm served as the key building blocks for the methanol active component in bifunctional Pd/ZnO‐γ‐Al₂O₃ catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by combining high‐pressure operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The enhanced stability, longevity, and high dimethyl ether selectivity observed makes Pd/ZnO‐γ‐Al₂O₃ an effective alternative system for the STD process compared to Cu/ZnO/γ‐Al₂O₃.     

Comparison of the contents of various antioxidants of sea buckthorn berries using CE

The increased interest in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) made it possible to investigate the antioxidant content in it. To address this issue, the presence of following antioxidant compounds were analyzed: trans-resveratrol, catechin, myricetin, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, L-ascorbic acid (AA), and gallic acid (linear range of 50-150 micromol/L) in six different varieties of sea buckthorn berries extracts (sea buckthorn varieties: "Trofimovskaja (TR)," "Podarok Sadu (PS)," and "Avgustinka (AV),") received from two local Estonian companies. Trans-Resveratrol, catechin, AA, myricetin, and quercetin were found in extracts of sea buckthorn. Moreover, AA, myricetin, and quercetin contents were quantified. The biggest average AA content was found in TR (740 mg/100 g of dried berries, respectively). Furthermore, the same varieties gave the biggest quercetin content 116 mg/100 g of dried berries, respectively. For analysis, CZE was used and the results were partly validated by HPLC. Statistically no big differences in levels of antioxidants were consistently found in different varieties of sea buckthorn extracts investigated in this work.     

Pt/C nanocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation prepared by water-in-oil microemulsion method

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Pt nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC-72R were synthesized by water-in-oil microemulsion method. By incorporating different amounts of HCl as a capping...     

In vitro study of iron coordination properties,anti-inflammatory potential,and cytotoxic effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-salicylidene and <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-vanillidene anil Schiff bases

N-Salicylidene and N-vanillidene anil Schiff bases SB-1–5 were evaluated for their iron-coordinating properties. For this purpose, reactions with Fe(III) chloride were performed. The obtained results showed that salicylaldehyde bases SB-1 and SB-2 are the best coordinating ligands among the investigated SBs. The corresponding complexes are obtained in good yield and investigated using UV–Vis spectrophotometry and IR spectroscopy. The inhibitory potential of SB-1–5 against iron-containing enzyme lipoxygenase (LOX) was also tested. Salicylidene bases exerted better activity then vanilliden. The cytotoxic in vitro activities against human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 and human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cell lines were determined. Based on these results, SB-1 and SB-2 can be considered as interesting compounds for further in vivo investigations.     

Eco-friendly rapid synthesis of 3-substituted-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones in choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent

A series of 3-substituted-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and 6-iodo-3-substituted-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones were synthesized in choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvent. Substituted 2-mercapto-4(3H)-quinazolinones were synthesized from anthranilic acid or 5-iodoanthranilic acid and appropriate isothiocyanates in good to excellent yields. Isolation of final product was easy and required no further purification. Synthesis of these compounds was rapid, selective, and catalyst free, while preparation of deep eutectic solvent was easy, components are readily available, cheap, and environmentally friendly.     

Formation Mechanism of the First Carbon–Carbon Bond and the First Olefin in the Methanol Conversion into Hydrocarbons

The elementary reactions leading to the formation of the first carbon–carbon bond during early stages of the zeolite‐catalyzed methanol conversion into hydrocarbons were identified by combining kinetics, spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The first intermediates containing a C?C bond are acetic acid and methyl acetate, which are formed through carbonylation of methanol or dimethyl ether even in presence of water. A series of acid‐catalyzed reactions including acetylation, decarboxylation, aldol condensation, and cracking convert those intermediates into a mixture of surface bounded hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbon pool, as well as into the first olefin leaving the catalyst. This carbonylation based mechanism has an energy barrier of 80 kJ mol^?1 for the formation of the first C?C bond, in line with a broad range of experiments, and significantly lower than the barriers associated with earlier proposed mechanisms.     

Normal- and Reversed-Phase Behaviour of 16,17-Secoestrone Derivatives on Cyanopropyl-Bonded Silica Gel

The retention behaviour of a number of 16,17-secoestrone derivatives has been studied by LC and HPTLC on a polar cyanopropyl-bonded stationary phase using non-aqueous and aqueous-organic mobile phases. The retention behaviour has been discussed in terms of nature of the solute, eluent and stationary phase. The correlation between retention constants of 16,17-secoestrone derivatives obtained from reversed-phases and commercially available ACD log P software (Advanced Chemistry, Toronto, Canada) has also been examined.     

Elemental fluorine : Part 20. Direct fluorination of deactivated aromatic systems using microreactor techniques

Continuous flow microreactor technology has been used for the direct fluorination of a range of deactivated di- and tri-substituted aromatic systems.     

Effect of the Physicochemical Properties of N,N-Disubstituted-2-phenylacetamide Derivatives on their Retention Behavior in RP-TLC

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The chromatographic behavior of some N,N-disubstituted-2-phenyl-acetamide derivatives has been studied on the chemically bonded...     

Hyperbolic conservation laws with vanishing nonlinear diffusion and linear dispersion in heterogeneous media

We analyze family of solutions to multidimensional scalar conservation law, with flux depending on the time and space explicitly, regularized with vanishing diffusion and dispersion terms. Under a condition on the balance between diffusion and dispersion parameters, we prove that the family of solutions is precompact in L¹_loc{L^1_{\rm loc}}. Our proof is based on the methodology developed in Sazhenkov (Sibirsk Math Zh 47(2):431–454, 2006), which is in turn based on Panov’s extension (Panov and Yu in Mat Sb 185(2):87–106, 1994) of Tartar’s H-measures (Tartar in Proc R Soc Edinb Sect A 115(3–4):193–230, 1990), or Gerard’s micro-local defect measures (Gerard Commun Partial Differ Equ 16(11):1761–1794, 1991). This is new approach for the diffusion–dispersion limit problems. Previous results were restricted to scalar conservation laws with flux depending only on the state variable.