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71.
The structure of perylene adsorbed on Ru(0001) surface has been studied by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and low-energy electron diffraction. An ordered p(4x4) structure is observed from a monolayer (about 4 A thickness) of the perylene on Ru(0001) surface. UPS measurements show the molecular features, from the perylene multiplayer, between 2 and 10 eV below the Fermi level. Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements suggest that the perylene molecular plane is parallel to the substrate. Temperature dependent UPS measurements show that the perylene multilayer is stable on Ru(0001) surface up to 125 degrees C. The desorption of the multilayer and the decomposition of the monolayer are observed above 125 degrees C.  相似文献   
72.
Peptide mass fingerprinting by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the standard high-throughput methods for protein identification today. Traditionally this method has been based on spotting peptide mixtures onto MALDI targets. While this method works well for more abundant proteins, low-abundance proteins mixed with high-abundance proteins tend to go undetected due to ion suppression effects, instrumental dynamic range limitations and chemical noise interference. We present an alternative approach where liquid chromatography (LC) effluent is continuously collected as linear tracks on a MALDI target. In this manner the chromatographic separation is spatially preserved on the target, which enables generation of off-line LC-MS and LC-MS/MS data by MALDI. LC-MALDI sample collection provides improved sensitivity and dynamic range, spatial resolution of peptides along the sample track, and permits peptide mass mapping of low-abundance proteins in mixtures containing high-abundance proteins. In this work, standard and ribosomal protein digests are resolved and captured using LC-MALDI sample collection and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS.  相似文献   
73.
Glass spherules have been made by laser spin melting and free fall cooling techniques from ceramic rods. Thus, the materials were not in contact with a container at any time. Glasses of 100 to 800 μm diameter were formed from at least 80 wt% of the oxides Al2O3, Ga2O3, In2O3, La2O3, ZrO2, HfO2, Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 with 20 or less weight percent of CaO + SiO2. The best glass formers were in the Nb2O5- and Ta2O5-based systems. The indices of refraction of most of the glasses and Abbe numbers of many were measured.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT

One of the current challenges in liquid crystal science is to understand the molecular factors leading to the formation of the intriguing twist-bend nematic phase (NTB) and determine its properties. During our earlier hunt for the NTB phase created on cooling directly from the isotropic phase and not the nematic phase, we had prepared 30 symmetric liquid crystal dimers. These had odd spacers and methylene links to the two mesogenic groups; desirable but clearly not essential features for the formation of the NTB. Here, we report the phases that the dimers exhibit and their transition temperatures as functions of both the lengths of the spacer and the terminal chains. In addition we describe the transitional entropies, their optical textures, the X-ray scattering patterns and the 2H NMR spectra employed in characterising the phases. All of which may lead to important properties of the twist-bend nematic phase.  相似文献   
76.
Metamorphosis is a method for diffeomorphic matching of shapes, with many potential applications for anatomical shape comparison in medical imagery, a problem which is central to the field of computational anatomy. An important tool for the practical application of metamorphosis is a numerical method based on shooting from the initial momentum, as this would enable the use of statistical methods based on this momentum, as well as the estimation of templates from hyper-templates using morphing. In this paper we introduce a shooting method, in the particular case of morphing images that lie in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). We derive the relevant shooting equations from a Lagrangian frame of reference, present the details of the numerical approach, and illustrate the method through morphing of some simple images.  相似文献   
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Here we report the supramolecular assembly of poly(l-lysine)-b-polyglycine diblock copolypeptides at different solution conditions. Light scattering and confocal microscopy indicate that the supramolecular aggregates initially formed in solution are vesicles with a broad size distribution, depending strongly on the initial processing conditions. The vesicles formed after multiple pH cycles appear independent of the initial processing conditions and are related to the thermodynamic nature of the assembled supramolecular aggregates. Circular dichroism results verify that this change in size observed over pH cyclings tracks with the conformation changes of the lysine block confined in the vesicle membranes. This appears interesting for peptosome-based materials, implying a high level of fluidity in the membrane that allows the supramolecular aggregates formed in solution to respond to changes in pH. The results also show that the external stimulus, which is the change of pH in this study, provides an additional means to regulate polypeptide vesicle size and size distribution.  相似文献   
80.
A series of nanoparticles is prepared via layer‐by‐layer assembly of oppositely charged, synthetic biocompatible polyamidoamine polymers as potential carriers. Particle size, surface charge and internal chain mobility are quantified as a function of the polymer type and number of layers. The effect of addition of surfactant is examined to simulate the effects of nanoparticle dissolution. The cyctotoxicity of these particles (in epithelia and murine cell lines) are orders of magnitude lower than polyethyleneimine controls. Stable nanoparticles may be prepared from mixtures of strongly, oppositely charged polymers, but less successfully from weakly charged polymers, and, given their acceptable toxicity characteristics, such modularly designed constructs show promise for drug and gene delivery.

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