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31.
Laurent Drouet Alain Haurie Francesco Moresino Jean-Philippe Vial Marc Vielle Laurent Viguier 《Computational Management Science》2008,5(1-2):119-140
This paper proposes a computational game-theoretic model for the international negotiations that should take place at the
end of the period covered by the Kyoto protocol. These negotiations could lead to a self-enforcing agreement on a burden sharing
scheme given the necessary global emissions limit that will be imposed when the real extent of climate change is known. The
model assumes a non-cooperative behavior of the parties except for the fact that they will be collectively committed to reach
a target on total cumulative emissions by the year 2050. The concept of normalized equilibrium, introduced by J.B. Rosen for
concave games with coupled constraints, is used to characterize a family of dynamic equilibrium solutions in an m-player game where the agents are (groups of) countries and the payoffs are the welfare gains obtained from a Computable General
Equilibrium (CGE) model. The model deals with the uncertainty about climate sensitivity by computing an S-adapted equilibrium. These equilibria are computed using an oracle-based method permitting an implicit definition of the
payoffs to the different players, obtained through simulations performed with the global CGE model GEMINI-E3.
Partly supported by GICC (French Ministry of Ecology), TOCSIN (EU-044287) and the Swiss-NSF NCCR-Climate program of the Swiss
NSF. For helpful comments and discussions, we thank A. Bernard, P. Thalmann, and the anonymous referee. 相似文献
32.
Gaëlle Semard Valerie Peulon-Agasse Auguste Bruchet Jean-Philippe Bouillon Pascal Cardinaël 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(33):5449-5454
It is important to develop methods of optimizing the selection of column sets and operating conditions for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. A new method for the calculation of the percentage of separation space used was developed using Delaunay's triangulation algorithms (convex hull). This approach was compared with an existing method and showed better precision and accuracy. It was successfully applied to the selection of the most convenient column set and the geometrical parameters of second column for the analysis of 49 target compounds in wastewater. 相似文献
33.
Jean-Philippe Basly Anséline Gradolatto Caroline Teyssier Naric Chantal Canivenc-Lavier 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2003,134(3):355-359
Summary. A selective
column switching high performance liquid chromatographic method has been used for the simultaneous determination of apigenin
and metabolites in rat liver perfusate. This new method clearly separated apigenin and the metabolites with high resolution.
The structures of metabolites were proposed based on selective ion recording and full scan analysis by electrospray ionization
mass spectrometry.
Corresponding author. E-mail: basly@pharma.unilim.fr
Received May 15, 2002; accepted (revised) September 13, 2002 相似文献
34.
A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method was developed to measure the composition of humic substances from river, reservoir, and treated wastewater based on their physicochemical properties. The current method fractionates the humic substances into four well-defined groups based on parallel analyses with a neutral and a cationic HILIC column, using mobile phases of varied compositions and pH. The results indicate that: (i) the proportion of carboxylic acids in the humic substances from terrestrial origins is less than half of that from treated wastewater (Jeddah, KSA), (ii) a higher content of basic compounds was observed in the humic substances from treated wastewater and Ribou Reservoir (Cholet, France) than in the sample from Loire River (France), (iii) a higher percentage of hydrophobic macromolecules were found in the humic substances from Loire River than in the other samples, and (iv) humic substances of treated wastewater contained less ionic neutral compounds (i.e., pKa 5–9) than the waters from terrestrial origins. The physicochemical property disparity amongst the compounds in each humic substances sample was also evaluated. The humic substances from the lightly humic Loire river displayed the highest disparity, whereas the highly humic Suwannee river (Georgia, USA) showed the most homogeneous humic substances. 相似文献
35.
36.
High-precision isotope analysis is recognized as an essential research tool in many fields of study. Until recently, continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) was available via an elemental analyzer or a gas chromatography inlet system for compound-specific analysis of light stable isotopes. In 2004, however, an interface that coupled liquid chromatography with IRMS (LC/IRMS) became commercially available for the first time. This brought the capability for new areas of application, in particular enabling compound-specific δ(13)C analysis of non-volatile, aqueous soluble, compounds from complex mixtures. The interface design brought with it several analytical constraints, however, in particular a lack of compatibility with certain types of chromatography as well as limited flow rates and mobile phase compositions. Routine LC/IRMS methods have, however, been established for measuring the δ(13)C isotopic ratios of underivatized individual compounds for application in archeology, nutrition and physiology, geochemistry, hydrology, soil science and food authenticity. Seven years after its introduction, we review the technical advances and constraints, methodological developments and new applications of liquid chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry. 相似文献
37.
Rose-Munch F Marti A Cetiner D Tranchier JP Rose E 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2011,40(7):1567-1575
First Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions applied to (η(5)-chloro-cyclohexadienyl)Mn(CO)3 complexes are described and lead to the syntheses of (η(5)-aryl-cyclohexadienyl)Mn(CO)3 and of cationic (η(6)-arene)Mn(CO)3 complexes after rearomatization. The structures of two of the new complexes have been investigated by X-ray diffraction study. 相似文献
38.
In this paper, we propose a new general method to compute rigorously global smooth branches of equilibria of higher-dimensional
partial differential equations. The theoretical framework is based on a combination of the theory introduced in Global smooth solution curves using rigorous branch following (van den Berg et al., Math. Comput. 79(271):1565–1584, 2010) and in Analytic estimates and rigorous continuation for equilibria of higher-dimensional PDEs (Gameiro and Lessard, J. Diff. Equ. 249(9):2237–2268, 2010). Using this method, one can obtain proofs of existence of global smooth solution curves of equilibria for large (continuous)
parameter ranges and about local uniqueness of the solutions on the curve. As an application, we compute several smooth branches
of equilibria for the three-dimensional Cahn–Hilliard equation. 相似文献
39.
40.
Hardelauf H Sisnaiske J Taghipour-Anvari AA Jacob P Drabiniok E Marggraf U Frimat JP Hengstler JG Neyer A van Thriel C West J 《Lab on a chip》2011,11(16):2763-2771
Spatially defined neuronal networks have great potential to be used in a wide spectrum of neurobiology assays. We present an original technique for the precise and reproducible formation of neuronal networks. A PDMS membrane comprising through-holes aligned with interconnecting microchannels was used during oxygen plasma etching to dry mask a protein rejecting poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) adlayer. Patterns were faithfully replicated to produce an oxidized interconnected array pattern which supported protein adsorption. Differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells adhered to the array nodes with the micron-scale interconnecting tracks guiding neurite outgrowth to produce neuronal connections and establish a network. A 2.0 μm track width was optimal for high-level network formation and node compliance. These spatially standardized neuronal networks were used to analyse the dynamics of acrylamide-induced neurite degeneration and the protective effects of co-treatment with calpeptin or brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). 相似文献