In a recent report, we have presented the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of a biomimetic nanostructured composite from Na(+)-montmorillonite clay nanosheets and poly(diallylmethylammonium chloride) (Tang, Z.; Kotov, N.; Magonov, S.; Ozturk, B. Nat. Mater. 2003, 2, 413). The structure, deformation mechanism, and mechanical properties of the material are very similar to those of natural nacre and lamellar bones. This fact prompts further investigation of these composites as potential bone implants. LBL assembly affords preparation of multifunctional composites, and here we demonstrate that not only mechanical strength, but also antibacterial activity, can be introduced in these implantable materials by alternating clay layers with starch-stabilized silver nanoparticles. The resulting composite showed excellent structural stability with no detectable levels of silver lost over a 1 month period. Evaluation of the antibacterial properties showed almost complete growth inhibition of E. coli over an 18 h period. The amount of silver eluted from the LBL composite over a 1 month period was determined to be only 0.5-3.0 microg/L. This concentration of silver did not prevent the growth of the mammalian tissue cultures. The LBL composite has shown biocompatibility with the human osteoblast cell line. 相似文献
Within the general context of homometallic spin-coupled Cu(II) dimers, we propose to relate the antiferromagnetic part of
the exchange coupling constant, JAF, to the quantity ΔP2(Cu), the difference of copper squared spin populations as calculated for the high-spin (i.e. triplet) and broken-symmetry
spin states, through JAF≈−UΔP2(Cu), where U is interpreted as the covalent–ionic term. This proportionality is illustrated for three “bare” Cu(II) dimers (i.e. without
peripheral ligation, so as to enhance the antiferromagnetic contribution) bridged by azido, hydroxo, or oxo groups. This provides
an alternative quantifier of the exchange phenomenon to that usually used, i.e. Δ2, the square of the singly occupied molecular orbital splitting in the triplet state. Moreover, and quite interestingly, the
quantity ΔP2(Cu) can become negative (i.e. induce ferromagnetism) without apparently affecting the proportionality relation.
Received: 17 September 1999 / Accepted: 9 March 2000 / Published online: 21 June 2000 相似文献
In this article we propose to partially integrate the antenna positioning (APP) and frequency allocation problems (FAP). The traditional wireless network design process examines these two major issues sequentially in order to avoid the very high complexity associated with the simultaneous resolution of the two problems. The proposed integration involves the introduction of interference protection guarantees within the APP. It is customary to define such guarantees in an intermediate step and to use them as input to FAP, in order to protect against interference in critical areas. The proposed approach consists of selecting these protections while solving the APP, allowing the optimization procedure to exploit the degrees of freedom that this would offer. Results on two real-life problem instances indicate a significant improvement in interference levels and resource utilization. 相似文献
The volatile components extracted from the headspace (HS) of Achillea ligustica All. samples and their separated organs using solid phase microextraction (SPME) were investigated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fiftyseven compounds were identified, the main components were camphor (14.2–29.8%), artemisia ketone (0.3–26.7%), santolina alcohol (0.5–9.4%), camphene (3.0–9.0%) and trans-sabinyl acetate (1.6–5.5%). Moreover, the chemical composition of Corsican and Sardinian A. ligustica oils obtained from flowers and leafy stems harvested in four regions of both islands, were investigated. Two collective oils of A. ligustica were also investigated, comparison between both oils as well as from data literature were reported. A comparison of hydrodistillation and HS-SPME extraction of volatile components in term of isolation time, plant-consuming and chemical composition was discussed. HS-SPME technique was clearly fast in contrast to hydrodistillation (90 min/300 min). HS extraction was performed with a much smaller amount of plant than hydrodistillation. Although the aromatic profiles of HS-fractions and oils showed several quantitative differences HS-SPME can be applied to routine control analysis of aromatic and medicinal plants.
In this paper, we determine the exact expression for the hydrogen binding energy in the Pauli–Fierz model up to the order α5 log α−1, where α denotes the fine structure constant, and prove rigorous bounds on the remainder term of the order o(α5 log α−1). As a consequence, we prove that the binding energy is not a real analytic function of α, and verify the existence of logarithmic corrections to the expansion of the ground state energy in powers of α, as conjectured in the recent literature. 相似文献
We investigate the asymptotic behavior at of non-oscillatory solutions to differential equations a$">, where is definable in a polynomially bounded o-minimal structure. In particular, we show that the Pfaffian closure of a polynomially bounded o-minimal structure on the real field is levelled.
We show that the affine structure of the 3-dimensional space is deeply enmeshed with the static laws expression. The relevance of tensorial rules for calculus in mechanics is thus enhanced. The virtual work principle is stated precisely but a little twist is given to the usual statements: the tensorial nature of the so-called virtual displacement vector is asserted to be covariant. To cite this article: C. Vallée et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).
Résumé
Nous montrons que la structure affine de l'espace tridimensionnel est fortement imbriquée avec l'expression des lois de la statique. La pertinence de l'application des règles du calcul tensoriel à la mécanique est ainsi renforcée. Le principe des travaux virtuels est établi précisément avec une seule entorse aux exposés classiques : la nature tensorielle de l'habituel vecteur déplacement virtuel est affirmée covariante. Pour citer cet article : C. Vallée et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).相似文献
In this paper, we present a new objective function for scheduling on parallel machines: minimizing the number of machines for schedules of minimum length. We study its complexity and we prove the NP-completeness of this problem, even if there is no precedences or for unitary execution times. We propose several polynomial algorithms for various particular cases. 相似文献