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31.
Majdi Mabrouk Mickael Marchand Jean-Marie Baronnet Florent Lemont 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》2016,36(4):1085-1110
This work deals with incineration of organic liquid wastes using an oxygen thermal plasma jet, submerged in water. The results presented here concern incineration of trichloroethylene (TCE). During a trial run, the CO2 and CO content in the exhaust gas is continuously measured; samples taken periodically from the solution are analyzed by appropriate methods: total organic carbon and chlorine content are measured. Process efficiency during tests with a few L/h of TCE is given by the mineralization rate. The trapping rate of chlorine as HCl is near 100 %. The TCE destruction and removal efficiency, measured by MS/GC, is better than 99.9999 %. A simplified kinetic model of gas quenching was constructed from a single-phase plug-flow reactor model taking into account 14 species and 34 reactions. It satisfies the requirements of heat balance and major components analysis, and reveals the major role of the OH radical on the concentrations of CO as well as HCl and/or Cl2 in the off-gas stream. 相似文献
32.
14N-NMR. measurements using the Fourier Transform technique are presented and compared to C. W. experiments. The F. T. technique is especially advantageous for relaxation time measurements. However, since 14N-nuclei may have widely different relaxation times, it is often not possible to have optimal gain in sensitivity (as compared to C. W. measurements) in a single F. T. experiment for different 14N-nuclei contained in the same sample. Different experiments have to be performed, optimizing the spectrometer parameters for each 14N-resonance of appreciably different linewidth. The technique is applied to three different problems. 14N-relaxation in symmetrical ammonium salts is shown to arise from reorientation of the water dipoles. The use of a double spin-probe, 13C-14N, allows the determination of the electric field gradients in cyclic ammonium salts. The electronic distribution is especially distorted from tetrahedral symmetry in the highly strained N, N-dimethyl-aziridinium cation. Finally, electric and dynamic effects in ion pairing may be studied as shown on the case of tetrabutylammonium iodide in water and in benzene. 相似文献
33.
Mohamed Fatnassi Corine Tourné-Péteilh Pradial Peralta Thomas Cacciaguerra Philippe Dieudonné Jean-Marie Devoisselle Bruno Alonso 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2013,68(2):307-316
Two model drugs of different physico-chemical and pharmaceutical properties (ibuprofen, acetaminophen) have been incorporated together or separately in silica-based microspheres using sol–gel and spray-drying processes. A variable amount of a neutral surfactant Brij-56© has also been added. The properties of the microspheres vary significantly depending on their composition. Three kinds of texture are identified: (1) silica containing spheroid nano-domains (formed by ibuprofen; diameters between 20 and 100 nm), (2) silica containing worm-like mesophases (formed by Brij-56© and both model drugs, typical correlation distances ~6 nm), (3) silica intimately mixed with the drug (acetaminophen) without visible phase-separation. The kinetics of drug release in simulated intestinal fluid strongly depend on these textures. The association of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in a single type of microsphere and without surfactant favours a concomitant release. Possible mechanisms of materials’ formation are discussed. 相似文献
34.
Jean-Marie Bessiere Bernard Boutevin Lena Sarraf 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1988,26(12):3275-3295
The stereoselectivity of the addition step and the transfer step of the radical telomerization of methyl methacrylate with thiophenol has been studied by determining the structure and the amount of each isomer by 1H-NMR. We found, in this case, that the addition step gave preferentially a diad r and that the transfer step gave preferentially a diad m. On the other hand, the tacticity observed for higher telomers is preferentially syndiotactic, similar to that of the poly(methyl methacrylate) prepared by radical initiation. The propagation process for radical telomerization obeys, as for the radical polymerization, Bernoulli's statistics. 相似文献
35.
Margaret M. Harding Ulrich Koert Jean-Marie Lehn Annie Marquis-Rigault Claude Piguet Jay Siegel 《Helvetica chimica acta》1991,74(3):594-610
A general strategy for the synthesis of oligobipyridine ligands 2 – 5 containing from two to five 2,2′-bipyridine subunits, for helical metal complexes is described (sec Scheme). Both the unsubstituted parent strands ( a series) as well as their derivatives bearing fester or amide functions in the 4,4′-positions of the bipyridine moieties ( b – d series) have been obtained. 相似文献
36.
37.
A major hurdle in the development of complex constitutional dynamic networks (CDNs) is the lack of strategies to simultaneously control the output of two (or more) interconnected dynamic processes over several species, namely reversible covalent imine bond formation and dynamic metal–ligand coordination. We have studied in detail the self-sorting process of 11 constitutional dynamic libraries containing two different amines, aldehydes and metal salts into two imine-based metal complexes, having no overlap in terms of their compositions. This study allowed us to determine the factors influencing the fidelity of this process (concentration, electronic and steric parameters of the organic components, and nature of the metal cations). In all 11 systems, the outcome of the process was primarily determined by the ability of the octahedral metal ion to select its pair of components from the initial pool of components, with the composition of the weaker tetrahedral complex being imposed by the components rejected by the octahedral metal ions. Different octahedral metal ions required different levels of precision in the “assembling instructions” provided by the organic components of the CDN to guide it towards a sorted output. The concentration of the reaction mixture, and the electronic and steric properties of the initial components of the library were all found to influence the lifetime of unwanted metastable intermediates formed during the assembling of the two complexes.Constitutional dynamic networks have been developed to simultaneously control the output of two interconnected dynamic processes over several species of the same reaction mixture. 相似文献
38.
l,2-Bis(2,2'-bipyridinyl)ethylene(1) ligand was synthesized by Wittig-Horner reaction and 1, 2-Bis(2, 2'-bipyridinyl)ethane(2) ligand(which can be obtained via another route ) was prepared by hydrogenation of (1). The formation of complexes of (1) and (2) with copper (I) has been studied. The influence of the different bridge chains (CH =CH, CH2CH2) on complexation is discussed on the basis of 1H NMR spectra. Keywords Dipyridine aldehyde, Dipyridine derivative, Copper complex 相似文献
39.
John J. Daly Peter Schnholzer Jean-Paul Behr Jean-Marie Lehn 《Helvetica chimica acta》1981,64(5):1444-1451
The crystal and molecular structure of the complex formed by the ionized bistartro-[18]-crown-6 receptor molecule 1 with the ethylenediammonium cation, is described. The macrocycle is roughly planar, the carboxy groups of each tartaric acid residue being in a diaxial relationship and extending above and below this plane. This conformation allows ‘lateral’ interactions with bound species to occur. The substrate is sandwiched between two macrocycles, with one of its NH heads anchored to the polyether core, and the other one in contact with the two carboxy groups of the neighboring molecule. 相似文献
40.