Independence versus indetermination: basis of two canonical clustering criteria

Advances in Data Analysis and Classification - This paper aims at comparing two coupling approaches as basic layers for building clustering criteria, suited for modularizing and clustering very...     

(Z)-1-[2-(Triarylstannyl)vinyl]-1-cycloheptanols: Synthesis, characterization, halodemetallation and crystal structures

The synthesis and characterization by ¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn NMR and ¹¹⁹Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy of (Z)-1-[2-(triphenylstannyl)vinyl]-1-cycloheptanol,

Full-size image

(1), and (Z)-1-[2-tri-p-tolylstannyl)vinyl-1-cycloheptanol,

Full-size image

(2), are described, together with their halodemetallation by I₂, Br₂ and ICIl to yield derivatives of the types

Full-size image

(Ar = phenyl or p-tolyl, N = 1, 2; X = I, Br, Cl, respectively). The solid-state structures of four compounds have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. In the crystals of

Full-size image

(1) and

Full-size image

(2) the Sn atom has a tetrahedral geometry distorted towards trigonal bipyramid as a consequence of a close intramolecular contact with the hydroxyl O(1) atom of 2.742(3) Å and 2.768(3) Å, respectively. A trigonal bipyramidal geometry is found in

Full-size image

(12) and

Full-size image

(4), in which significant Sn---O(1) interactions are noted [2.437(8) Å and 2.407(8) Å, respectively].     

Behavior of nitrogenated fungicides upon gamma-irradiation

Three nitrogenated fungicides (Bayfidan, Bayleton and Baycor) were irradiated with -rays from a⁶⁰Co source with the products being analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC). Within the dose range studied (5 to 640 kGy), all three compounds were found to be stable.     

Systematic study of muon transfer to sulphur dioxide

In a systematic study of the transfer process to sulphur dioxide, in seven different H₂ + SO₂ gas mixtures, the time spectra of the muonic sulphur X-rays yield muon transfer rates to the SO₂ molecule, deduced from the lifetimes of the p atoms, which agree all well with each other. The muonic oxygen time spectra show an additional structure as if p atoms of another kind were present. Reduced transfer rates_O are reproducible if one uses the model of ephemeral p atoms. The intensity ratios between the different kinds of p atoms are also discussed in the framework of this model and the one of black and white p atoms.     

Quality control of201TlCl solution obtained at IPEN-CNEN/SP

The radiopharmaceutical²⁰¹TlCl(thallium-201 chloride) is used in nuclear medicine for myocardial visualization. The solution of²⁰¹TlCl was prepared using²⁰¹Tl obtained by irradiating a natural mercury target with protons from the CV-28 cyclotron installed at IPEN-CNEN/SP. This solution was subjected to different quality control processes required for its use in medicine. Some of these controls concerned the determination of the radionuclidic impurities:²⁰⁰Tl,²⁰²Tl and²⁰³Hg; the chemical identification of²⁰¹Tl⁺; the hydrazine concentration, mercury contamination and the presence of phosphate. Furthermore. the biological distribution in Wistar rats and tests for sterility, pyrogenicity and toxicity were carried out. It was verified that the solution obtained was in the form of thallous chloride. This radiopharmaceutical gave good heart images in animals but due to the high levels of²⁰⁰Tl and²⁰²Tl its use in humans is not possible unless enriched²⁰²Hg is used as target in the irradiation.     

Droplet dynamics for asymmetric Ising model

Nucleation from a metastable state is studied for an anisotropic Ising model at very low temperatures. It turns out that the critical nucleus as well as configurations on a typical path to it differ from the Wulff shape of an equilibrium droplet.