Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of erythrodiol-3-acetate and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol isolated from Humboldtia unijuga

Abstract

Humboldtia unijuga Bedd., endemic to Agasthyamala in Western Ghats in India, is traditionally used by local Kani tribes for chicken pox, head ache and snake bite. This study reports the isolation of erythrodiol-3-acetate (HU-1) and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (HU-2) from H. unijuga roots and their anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities in macrophage, skin and breast cancer cell lines. Effects of HU-1 and HU-2 treatments (50, 100?µg/mL) on gene expression profiles of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β, and apoptosis genes p53 and caspase 7 were studied. HU-2 exerted a significantly superior anti-inflammatory effect compared to HU-1 in all three pro-inflammatory genes. HU-2 showed a superior dose dependent anticancer effect through activation of p53 gene over HU-1 in MCF-7 cells. HU-1 exhibited a dose dependent effect on caspase 7 gene in both cell lines while HU-2 was more effective in A431. HU-2 has potential for development as a novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent.     

AgONO‐Assisted Direct CH Arylation of Heteroarenes with Anilines

A novel copper‐catalyzed C?H arylation of heteroarenes with anilines by an in situ diazonium reaction is established by using silver nitrite (AgONO) as an unconventional nitrosating reagent under acid‐free conditions. It provides a complementary approach for the C?H arylation of electron‐rich heteroarenes with aromatic amines affording a variety of heterobiaryls in moderate to good yields.     

Simultaneous Trace Level Determination of Potentially Genotoxic Hydrazine,Methylhydrazine and Alkylamines in Pharmaceutical Substances by CE Using Indirect Photometric Detection

A simple, fast, and sensitive capillary electrophoretic method was developed for determining two genotoxic impurities hydrazine and methylhydrazine and eight alkyl amines at trace levels in pharmaceutical substances using indirect photometric detection. The method development involved a systematic screening of various cationic visualizing reagents and optimization of separation conditions to obtain the best resolution and sensitivities. The optimized method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, and accuracy. Linear calibration curves (R > 0.99) were obtained for all analytes in the range LOQ–200 % of nominal concentrations. The developed CE method was effectively implemented for estimating hydrazine and alkylamines in several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

     

Organocatalytic synthesis of N-Phenylisoxazolidin-5-ones and a one-pot synthesis of beta-amino acid esters

A novel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed C-N bond formation by the reaction of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and nitrosobenzene to N-phenylisoxazolidin-5-ones, followed by an acid-catalyzed esterification and Bamberger-like rearrangement in a mild one-pot protocol leads to N-p-methoxyphenyl (N-PMP) protected beta-amino acid esters.     

Combined Signal Processing Based Techniques and Feed Forward Neural Networks for Pathological Voice Detection and Classification

This paper presents the pathological voice detection and classification techniques using signal processing based methodologies and Feed Forward Neural Networks (FFNN). The important pathological voices such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Down Syndrome (DS) are considered for analysis. These pathological voices are known to manifest in different ways in the speech of children and adults. Therefore, it is possible to discriminate ASD and DS children from normal ones using the acoustic features extracted from the speech of these subjects. The important attributes hidden in the pathological voices are extracted by applying different signal processing techniques. In this work, three group of feature vectors such as perturbation measures, noise parameters and spectral-cepstral modeling are derived from the signals. The detection and classification is done by means of Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) classifier trained with Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) algorithm. The performance of the network is evaluated by finding various performance metrics and the the experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed method gives better performance compared with other methods discussed in the literature.     

Density functional evaluation and a feasibility study of intramolecular thione–thiol tautomerization

Performance of various density functionals for use in geometry and energetics calculation of thiocarbonyl systems is evaluated. The three biologically significant systems such as 2‐methyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazide, 1‐acetyl‐2‐thiohydantoin and bornane‐2‐thione are selected for the geometry analysis. Energy of tautomerization of thioacetone and enthalpy of formation of 2‐thiohydantoin are considered for analyzing the performance in energetics. Minnesota functionals such as M05‐2X, M06‐2X and range separated hybrid functional wB97 give best results in both geometry and energetics calculations. Studies on basis set effect showed reliable performance by 6‐31 + G* and 6‐31++G** over higher basis sets. Feasibility of tautomerization in the aforementioned thiones has been investigated using the best performing density functionals. The proposed thione–thiol tautomerization step during PPC‐DC catalyzed decarboxylation reaction has also been investigated and the computed high energy barrier shows less feasibility of the reaction.     

Atmospheric pressure aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides using palladium nanoparticles supported on MOF-5

An efficient amide synthesis by atmospheric pressure aminocarbonylation using palladium nanoparticles supported on MOF-5 is reported. Interestingly, only 0.5 wt% palladium loading was required to achieve high yields. The catalyst is recyclable and offers negligible palladium leaching.     

Synthesis,characterization and antitumour studies of metal chelates of acetoacetanilide thiosemicarbazone

Summary Complexes of transition metals with acetoacetanilide thiosemicarbazone, AatH₂, have been prepared and characterized. The complexes were found to have the following stoichiometries: [Mn(Aat)(H₂O)₂]_n; [Zn(Aat)(H₂O)₂]; [M(Aat)(H₂O)], where M = Cd^II or Hg^II; [Cu(Aat)]_n; [Ag(AatH)]; [M(AatH)₂], where M = Co^II or Ni^II, and [Fe(Aat)Cl(H₂O)]_n. The compounds have been studied for their possible antitumour activity against Ehrlich Ascites tumour cells in vitro.     

Effect of preparation and pretreatment conditions on the nature and activity of alumina-yttria

Seven kinds of Al₂O₃?Y₂O₃ binary oxides were prepared from the corresponding nitrites under different conditions. Surface characteristics, thermal properties, acidity and basicity of the catalysts were determined by XRD, SEM, TGA, DTA and titrimetric methods. The catalytic activity was checked in the isomerization of (+)-limonene oxide. The difference in the activities of the catalysts are attributed to the changes in the acidic and basic properties of the catalysts obtained by different preparation methods.     

Catalytic Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov functionalization of alkenes and alkynes: recent developments and trends

The regioselective functionalization of terminal alkenes and alkynes is of utmost importance for the synthesis of a wide variety of organic products. Based on the original observation by Vladimir Markovnikov-the pioneer of this field of research-in the 19th century, the possible regioisomeric products are classified as Markovnikov or anti-Markovnikov products. Contrary to traditional belief, it is nowadays possible to control the regiochemistry of various additions of nucleophiles to alkenes and alkynes by applying different transition-metal catalysts. Recent developments in this area of selective functionalization of alkenes and alkynes are reviewed.