Catalytic application of K2Ce(PO4)2 in Knoevenagel condensation -A green protocol

A framework connected phosphate material K₂Ce(PO₄)₂, explored for the first time for the Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes with malononitrile in water. The catalyst was prepared by newly developed solid-state method and characterized using XRD, RAMAN, FTIR, BET surface area, TPD, XPS, SEM and HRTEM. The developed protocol showed the substrate compatibility along with the catalyst reusability. Moreover, the catalyst was scaled up to 30 g and also showed reusability. The role of predominant Ce(IV) species was also discussed apart from phosphate basic sites.     

Weak complemented and weak invertible elements in <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>-lattices

In this paper, we prove that an indecomposable M-lattice is either a principal element domain or a special principal element lattice. Next, we introduce weak complemented elements and characterize reduced M-lattices in terms of weak complemented elements. We also study weak invertible elements and locally weak invertible elements in C-lattices and characterize reduced Prüfer lattices, WI-lattices, reduced almost principal element lattices, and reduced principal element lattices in terms of locally weak invertible elements.     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of N‐Aryl‐4‐(cyano/alkoxycarbonyl)‐5‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1H/3H‐1,2,3‐triazole Derivatives

A convenient synthesis of a new series of N‐aryl‐5‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1H/3H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carbonitriles and alkyl N‐aryl‐5‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1H/3H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylic acid esters is reported. The newly synthesized 5‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives are evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Some of these triazole derivatives have exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity.     

Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils against the Pulse Beetle

Pulse beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus, are essential pests of cowpea, gram, soybean and pulses. Application of synthetic insecticides against the pulse beetle has led to insect resistance; insecticide residues on grains affect human health and the environment. Essential oils (EOs) are the best alternatives to synthetics due to their safety to the environment and health. The main objective of the investigation was to study the chemical composition and insecticidal activities of EOs, their combinations and compounds against the pulse beetle under laboratory. Neo-isomenthol, carvone and β-ocimene are the significant components of tested oils using GC-MS. Mentha spicata showed promising fumigant toxicity against C. chinensis (LC₅₀ = 0.94 µL/mL) and was followed by M. piperita (LC₅₀ = 0.98 µL/mL), whereas M. piperita (LC₅₀ = 0.92 µL/mL) against C. maculatus. A combination of Tagetes minuta + M. piperita showed more toxicity against C. chinensis after 48 h (LC₅₀ = 0.87 µL/mL) than T. minuta + M. spicata (LC₅₀ = 1.07 µL/mL). L-Carvone showed fumigant toxicity against C. chinensis after 48 h (LC₅₀ = 1.19 µL/mL). Binary mixtures of T. minuta +M. piperita and M. spicata showed promising toxicity and synergistic activity. EOs also exhibited repellence and ovipositional inhibition. The application of M. piperita can be recommended for the control of the pulse beetle.     

A Reversible Dual Mode Chemodosimeter for the Detection of Cyanide Ions in Natural Sources

Herein, we report the synthesis of two indolium probes 1 and 2 based on anthracene and pyrene derivatives and their interactions with various anions. Of these probes, the pyrene conjugate 2 acts as a dual colorimetric and fluorescent chemodosimeter for the selective and sensitive detection of cyanide ions. The detection limit of probe 2 for CN^? ions was found to be 10 ppb (30 nM ). The nature of interaction has been thoroughly studied through various techniques such as ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopy, HRMS, and isothermal calorimetric (ITC) studies. These studies confirm that probe 2 forms a 1,2‐adduct in the presence of CN^? ions. Kinetic studies using probe 2 showed the completion of the reaction within 15 s with a rate constant of k′=0.522±0.063 s^?1_. This probe can be coated on a solid surface (dipstick) and a polymer matrix for the on‐site analysis and quantification of endogenous cyanide ions in natural sources such as Indian almonds.     

An efficient Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes with active methylene compounds over novel,robust CeZrO4−δ catalyst

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In the present work, we explored novel CeZrO4?δ as a catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes with reactive methylene compounds like...     

Ecofriendly and facile Nano ZnO catalyzed solvent-free enamination of 1,3-dicarbonyls

Nano zinc oxide (Nano-ZnO) was explored as a reusable catalyst for the enamination of 1,3-dicarbonyls using diverse amines. To make the process environmentally viable, the reaction was carried out under solvent-free conditions and found to give good yield of desired products. The catalyst was characterized by various analytical techniques such as UV-spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM. The catalyst was found to be reusable up to four catalytic cycles without any appreciable loss in activity.