s-Prime elements in multiplicative lattices

Let be aC-lattice which is strong join principally generated. In this paper, we consider prime elements of for which every semiprimary element is primary. We show, for example, that a compact nonmaximal primep with this property is principal. We also show that if every primepm has this property, then is either a one dimensional domain or a primary lattice. It follows that if every primep satisfies the property, and if there are only a finite number of minimal primes in , then is the finite direct product of one-dimensional domains and primary lattices.     

Kinetics and mechanism of chlorination of p-aminobenzoic acid by chloramine-B

The chlorination of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) by chloramine-B (CAB) in HCl medium at 303 K indicates simultaneous catalysis by H⁺ and Cl^–. The reaction is first order in [CAB] and [HCl], but fractional order in [PABA]. The observed solvent isotope effect is 1.52. A suitable mechanism is proposed.

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- (PABA) -B (CAB) HCl 303 H⁺ Cl^–. [PABA]. 1,52. .

     

Selective reduction of alkenes, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, nitroarenes, nitroso compounds, N,N-hydrogenolysis of azo and hydrazo functions as well as simultaneous hydrodehalogenation and reduction of substituted aryl halides over PdMCM-41 catalyst under transfer hydrogen conditions

Chemoselective reductions of alkenes, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, nitro and nitroso compounds, N,N-hydrogenolysis of azo and hydrazo functions as well as simultaneous reduction and hydrodehalogenation of substituted aryl halides, including bulkier substrates, were achieved by catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) using mesoporous PdMCM-41 catalyst. The yields were practically unaffected upon recycling of the catalyst. Further, the CTH process is accomplished without affecting the reduction of any other reducible functional group.     

LIGHT-INDUCED CAROTENE SYNTHESIS IN MUTANTS OF PHYCOMYCES WITH ABNORMAL PHOTOTROPISM

Mutants of Phycomyces. abnormal in their phototropic responses (the mad mutants), have been tested for their responses in light-induced carotene synthesis (LICS). The amount of carotene synthesized at any given fluence is significantly lower in the madA, madB and madD mutants than in the wild type. The amount of carotene is not lower in other mad mutants ( madC, madE, madF and madG ). The double mutant mad A madB and the triple mutant mad A madB madC show stronger effects. The wild type strain, as well as those carrying a single mad mutation ( madA and madB ) or those carrying two or three mad mutations ( madA madB. madA madB madC ) show closely similar sensitivity to LICS. This contrasts with phototropism and photoinitiation of sporangiophores which are sensitive to extremely small signals in the wild type and in which the madA mutation decreases the sensitivity by nearly a factor of 10⁴ and madB mutation by a factor of 10⁵. It appears that LICS does not share the signal amplification mechanisms characteristic of the other two responses.     

Naphthalene Imide Conjugates: Formation of Supramolecular Assemblies,and the Encapsulation and Release of Dyes through DNA‐Mediated Disassembly

We report the synthesis of two new amphiphilic conjugates 1 and 2 based on naphthalene di‐ and monoimide chromophores and the investigation of their photophysical, self‐assembly and DNA‐binding properties. These conjugates showed aqueous good solubility and exhibited strong interactions with DNA and polynucleotides such as poly(dG?dC)–poly(dG?dC) and poly(dA?dT)–poly(dA?dT). The interaction of these conjugates with DNA was evaluated by photo‐ and biophysical techniques. These studies revealed that the conjugates interact with DNA through intercalation with association constants in the order of 5–8×10⁴ M ^?1. Of these two conjugates, bolaamphiphile 1 exhibited a supramolecular assembly that formed vesicles with an approximate diameter of 220 nm in the aqueous medium at a critical aggregation concentration of 0.4 mM , which was confirmed by SEM and TEM. These vesicular structures showed a strong affinity for hydrophobic molecules such as Nile red through encapsulation. Uniquely, when exposed to DNA the vesicles disassembled, and therefore this transformation could be utilised for the encapsulation and release of hydrophobic molecules by employing DNA as a stimulus.     

A homology/ab initio hybrid algorithm for sampling near‐native protein conformations

One of the major challenges for protein tertiary structure prediction strategies is the quality of conformational sampling algorithms, which can effectively and readily search the protein fold space to generate near‐native conformations. In an effort to advance the field by making the best use of available homology as well as fold recognition approaches along with ab initio folding methods, we have developed Bhageerath‐H Strgen, a homology/ab initio hybrid algorithm for protein conformational sampling. The methodology is tested on the benchmark CASP9 dataset of 116 targets. In 93% of the cases, a structure with TM‐score ≥ 0.5 is generated in the pool of decoys. Further, the performance of Bhageerath‐H Strgen was seen to be efficient in comparison with different decoy generation methods. The algorithm is web enabled as Bhageerath‐H Strgen web tool which is made freely accessible for protein decoy generation ( http://www.scfbio‐iitd.res.in/software/Bhageerath‐HStrgen1.jsp ). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A Validated HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Eugenol and Piperine in a Siddha Formulation

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been established for simultaneous analysis of eugenol and piperine...     

A physicochemical model for analyzing DNA sequences

In search of an ab initio model to characterize DNA sequences as genes and nongenes, we examined some physicochemical properties of each trinucleotide (codon), which could accomplish this task. We constructed three-dimensional vectors for each double-helical trinucleotide sequence considering hydrogen-bonding energy, stacking energy, and a third parameter, which we provisionally identified with DNA-protein interactions. As this three-dimensional vector moves along any genome, the net orientation of the resultant vector should differ significantly for gene and nongene regions to make a distinction feasible, if the underlying model has some merits. An analysis of 331 prokaryotic genomes comprising a total of 294 786 experimentally verified genes (nonoverlapping) and an equal number of nongenes presents a proof of concept of the model without the need for further parametrization. Also, initial analyses on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana suggest that the methodology is extendable to eukaryotes. The physicochemical model (ChemGenome1.0) introduced has the potential to be developed into a gene-finding algorithm and, more pressingly, could be employed for an independent assessment of the annotation of DNA sequences.     

Formic acid oxidation at platinized platinum electrodes: Part IV. Effect of preadsorbed sulfur and related studies

A study has been made of the effect of preadsorbed sulfur layer on the anodic oxidation of formic acid at a platinized platinum electrode. It is shown that, in the presence of the preadsorbed s sulfur layer, the oxidation process obeys the following rate expression,i=nFkc^αg(θ_s) exp(α_anF?r/RT)where α≈0.75 and α_an≈0.5. This is explained in terms of the following rate-determining step,

${\left(HCOOH\right)}_{ads}\to \underset{*}{C}OOH+H^{+}+e$

and involves the adsorption of formic acid on the sulfur-covered electrode surface. A strong catalytic effect of the sulfur layer is observed; the function g(θ_S) is greater than unity at all θ_S and exhibits two maxima at г_S values of 0.3 and 0.6. It is suggested that these effects arise from a coverage-dependent variation of bond strength between adsorbed sulfur and platinum. Evidence is adduced that the adsorption of sulfur from H₂S solutions involves 2-site adsorption at low coverages and 1-site adsorption at higher coverages. Possibility of multilayer adsorption under appropriate conditions is also discussed in the light of the results obtained.