Effect of bovine serum albumin on the surface properties of ionic liquid-type Gemini surfactant

The effect of bovine serum albumin on the surface properties of IL-type gemini surfactant ([C₁₀-4-C₁₀im]Br₂), have been investigated by surface tension method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) as a function of BSA concentrations at various temperatures was investigated. The CMC of [C₁₀-4-C₁₀im]Br₂ increases with increasing the concentration of BSA as well as the temperature of the system. The interfacial parameters viz; maximum surface excess concentration (Γ_max), the minimum area per molecule (A_min), and surface pressure at CMC (Π_cmc) were calculated. In addition, thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization were evaluated by using surface tension data. The results indicated that the binding of [C₁₀-4-C₁₀im]Br₂ to BSA is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The process is entropy driven and hydrophobic interactions are the major driving forces.     

Removal of oxygen from silicon by electron beam melting

Small amounts of multicrystalline silicon were melted in an electron beam furnace in different experimental conditions in order to investigate the oxygen evaporation behavior during the electron beam melting (EBM) process. The oxygen content level before and after EBM was determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The oxygen content was reduced from 6.177 to 1.629 ppmw when silicon was melted completely at 15 kW with removal efficiency up to 73.6 %. After that, it decreased continually to <0.0517 ppmw when the refining time exceeded 600 s with a removal efficiency of more than 99.08 %. During the melting process, the evaporation rate of silicon is 1.10 × 10^?5 kg/s. The loss of silicon could be reduced up to 1.7 % during oxygen removal process to a desirable figure, indicating EBM is an effective method to remove oxygen from silicon and decrease the loss of silicon.     

Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of eugenol hybrids obtained by Mannich and 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reactions

Design, synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation of novel mannich bases ( 2a-2j ) and triazole-chalcone derivatives ( 7a-7k ) of Eugenol 1 were reported. Among all the derivatives tested for antiproliferative activity, di-amine manich derivative 2b (32.92 μM), and 4-methoxy chalcone triazole derivative 7d (33.05 μM) significantly inhibited HepG2 cell lines when compared to the standard doxorubicin (37.29 μM). Whereas most of the compounds such as diethylamine 2a (17.75 μM), (aminomethyl) methane diamine 2b (17.02 μM), and bis (chloromethyl) amine 2c (20.12 μM) showed moderate to better inhibition towards MCF-7 cell lines. The synthesized analogues were also tested for antidiabetic and antiobesity potentials. Compounds 2f (55.50%), 2c (54.34%), 7g (55.5%), and 2a (55.5%) have shown moderate inhibitory potentials toward intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme when compared to the standard Acarbose (72.86%). Likewise, compounds 7d (82.95%), 7f (76.19%), 7g (74.81%), 7e (74.81%), and 2g (72.50%) have shown significant to moderate inhibitory potentials toward Pancreatic lipase enzyme when compared to the standard orlistat (91.10%). ROS induces life-threatening diseases like diabetes, cancer, etc., and antioxidants play a major role in controlling their production. Compounds 2c (99.81%), 2i (99.80%), 2d (99.26%), 2g (98.79%), and 2f (98.42%) have shown significant antioxidant profiles in ABTS assay when compared to the standard Trolox (99.07%). Further, In silico Molecular docking and pharmacokinetic screening of the eugenol derivatives complemented the in vitro results indicating the drug likeness of the obtained active compounds.     

Spectral and Mechanistic Investigation of Oxidation of Rizatriptan by Silver Third Periodate Complex in Aqueous Alkaline Medium

The oxidation of Rizatriptan by diperiodatoargentate(III) has been studied by spectrophotometry at neutral pH. The kinetics of the reaction of Rizatriptan has been shown to principle of non-complementary oxidation steps. The initial step involves the deprotonated of the diperiodatoargentate(III) with the alkali; this rearranges during the displacement of a ligand to give free periodate and takes up another ligand monoperiodateargentate(III), combines with a substrate to endow with an intermediate complex which decomposes within a slow step to provide the final product in the following step with a first-order rate constant. The main product was identified by spot test, Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry spectrum. A conceivable mechanism including pre equilibrium of adducts development between the complex and reductant was planned from the kinetics study. The rate conditions got from system can clarify all exploratory phenomena, and the activation parameters alongside rate constants of the rate determining step were ascertained.     

Partial Hydrolysis of Cyanide Coordination Polymers Induced by a Pillar Ligand with Optimized Electrochemical Kinetics for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries

Coordination polymers are promising cathode materials for rechargeable alkaline batteries. Therefore, the precise modulation of these cathodes by chemical structure and in-depth structure transform study is necessary. Here, two model coordination polymer battery cathodes were designed to demonstrate the dynamic structure–performance relationship. We studied the electrochemical performance of two kinds of nickel-based coordination polymer, comprising a planar 2D cyanide-bridged network and a 3D cyanide-bridged network pillared by pyrazine molecules. The 2D coordination polymer showed serious voltage degradation with poor rate capability, whereas the 3D coordination polymer exhibited stable voltage output coupled with high rate at various current densities. The investigation revealed the underlining relationship of plateau voltage degradation and hydrolysis process of electrodes. It was revealed that the pyrazine pillar molecules in the 3D coordination polymer could suppress the hydrolysis and lead to the in situ formation of partially hydrolyzed structure with excellent electrochemical kinetics; this exhibited obvious smaller peak separation (27 mV compared with 149 mV) and hence an almost twofold increase in capacity retention (31.9 to 50.0 %) and energy density retention (18.2 to 35.9 %) at 10 A g⁻¹.